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单词 座
释义

座

See also: 坐
座 U+5EA7, 座
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA7
← 度
[U+5EA6]		CJK Unified Ideographs庨 →
[U+5EA8]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

座 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈人人土 (IOOG), four-corner 00214, composition ⿸广坐)

References

  • KangXi: page 346, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9319
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5EA7

Chinese

simp. and trad.
座
2nd round simp.坐

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (坐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脞*sʰal, *sʰoːlʔ
侳*ʔsal, *ʔsoːls
挫*ʔsoːls
夎*ʔsoːls
遳*sʰloːl
銼*sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ
剉*sʰoːls
莝*sʰoːls
趖*soːl
矬*zoːl
痤*zoːl
睉*zoːl
坐*zoːlʔ, *zoːls
座*zoːls
髽*ʔsroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zoːls) : semantic 广 (“house on cliff”) + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).

Etymology

Exopassive of 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls, “to sit; to be situated”), literally "that which is sat on" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zuò (zuo4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˋ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): zo6, zo6-2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): do5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chho
    (Meixian, Guangdong): co4
  • Min Dong (BUC): cô̤
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chō / chǒ͘ / chē / chǒ / chó
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zo7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zu (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zuò
      • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: zuò
      • Wade–Giles: tso4
      • Yale: dzwò
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzuoh
      • Palladius: цзо (czo)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡swɔ⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zo6, zo6-2
      • Yale: joh, jó
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzo6, dzo6-2
      • Guangdong Romanization: zo6, zo6-2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔː²²/, /t͡sɔː²²⁻³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: do5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tᵘɔ³²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho
      • Hakka Romanization System: co
      • Hagfa Pinyim: co4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: co4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cô̤
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō
      • Tâi-lô: tsō
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zoi
      • IPA (Changtai): /t͡sɔ²²/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡so²²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡so³³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ͘
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒo
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔ²²/
      • IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡sɔ³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
      • Tâi-lô: tsē
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ze
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai): /t͡se²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒ
      • Tâi-lô: tsǒ
      • IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡so³³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡so²²/
    • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chó
      • Tâi-lô: tsó
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zoir
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡so⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɤ⁴¹/
Note:
  • chō/chǒ͘ - literary;
  • chē/chǒ - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zo7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsō
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡so¹¹/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zu (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥v̩ʷ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /d͡zuɑH/
Rime
Character座
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)從 (15)
Final (韻)戈 (95)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)I
Fanqie徂卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/d͡zuɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		/d͡zuɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		/d͡zuɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/d͡zwaH/
Li
Rong		/d͡zuɑH/
Wang
Li		/d͡zuɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/d͡zʱuɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zuò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zo6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤo[j]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zoːls/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character座
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zuò
Middle
Chinese		‹ dzwaH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[dz]ˁo[j]ʔ-s/
Englishseat n.

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character座
Reading #1/1
No.18066
Phonetic
component		坐
Rime
group		歌
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		/*zoːls/

Definitions

座

  1. seat (Classifier: 個／个)
    讓座／让座  ―  ràngzuò  ―  to give up one's seat
  2. stand; base (Classifier: 個／个)
  3. Short for 星座 (xīngzuò, “constellation”).
    天蠍座／天蝎座  ―  tiānxiēzuò  ―  scorpius
  4. Classifier for buildings, mountains and similar immovable objects.
  5. (Hong Kong Cantonese) room number in an residential building
    十八樓C座／十八楼C座 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 baat3 lau4-2 si1 zo6 [Jyutping]  ―  Eighteenth Floor Block C

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 座 (“(classifier for bridges)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)座
MandarinBeijing座
Taiwan座
Tianjin座
Chengde座
Tangshan座
Cangzhou座
Baoding座
Shijiazhuang座
Chifeng座
Hulunbuir (Hailar)座
Heihe座
Qiqihar座
Harbin座
Jiamusi座
Baicheng座
Changchun座
Tonghua座
Shenyang座
Dandong座
Jinzhou座
Dalian座
Yantai座
Qingdao座
Lijin座
Zhucheng座
Jinan座
Jining座
Shangqiu座
Yuanyang座
Zhengzhou座
Lingbao座
Xinyang座
Baihe座
Hanzhong座
Xi'an座, 個, 架
Baoji座
Yinchuan座
Tianshui座
Lanzhou座
Dunhuang座
Xining座
Hami座
Ürümqi座
Wuhan道, 座
Yichang座
Xiangyang座
Tianmen座
Hong'an座
Chengdu道, 座, 架
Nanchong座
Dazhou座
Hanyuan座
Xichang座
Zigong座
Chongqing座
Guiyang座
Zunyi座
Bijie座
Liping架
Zhaotong座
Dali座
Kunming座
Mengzi座
Guilin座
Liuzhou座
Jishou座
Changde座
Anqing座
Xuzhou座
Fuyang座
Wuhu座
Yangzhou道, 座
Lianyungang座
Lianshui座
Nanjing座
Hefei道, 座
Nantong座
Singapore座
CantoneseGuangzhou度, 戙
Hong Kong條, 座
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)度
Macau座
Guangzhou (Panyu)度, 戙
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)度
Guangzhou (Conghua)戙
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)度
Foshan戙
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)戙
Foshan (Sanshui)戙
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)戙
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)度
Zhuhai (Doumen)度
Jiangmen (Baisha)度
Jiangmen (Xinhui)戙
Taishan對
Kaiping (Chikan)度
Enping (Niujiang)獨
Heshan (Yayao)度
Dongguan度
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)度
Yangjiang度
GanNanchang道
HakkaMeixian座
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)度
Dongguan (Qingxi)度
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)度
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)度
Conghua (Lütian)條
HuizhouShexian乘
JinTaiyuan座
Yangyuan座
Datong座
Xinzhou座
Lishi座
Changzhi座
Linhe座
Jining座
Hohhot座
Erenhot座
Pingshan座
Zhangjiakou座
Handan座
Linzhou座
Suide座
Min BeiJian'ou座
Min DongFuzhou條
Min NanXiamen座
Taipei (Wanhua)板
Kaohsiung座
Yilan條
Changhua (Lukang)板
Taichung板
Taichung (Wuqi)板
Tainan條
Taitung條
Hsinchu條
Penghu (Magong)逝
Chaozhou條
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)條
WuSuzhou頂
Wenzhou爿, 條
XiangChangsha座, 隻
Shuangfeng條, 座

Compounds

Derived terms from 座

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: toà

References

  • “座”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

座

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ざ (za, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: さ (sa)
  • Kun: すわる (suwaru, 座る, Jōyō); くら (kura, 座); います (imasu, 座す)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 座(ざ)位(い) (zai, “seat; posing of sitting; sitting sex position”)
  • 座(ざ)視(し) (zashi, “idly watching”)
  • 座(ざ)州(しゅう) (zashū, “running aground”)
  • 座(ざ)礁(しょう) (zashō, “run aground”)
  • 端(たん)座(ざ) (tanza, “sitting upright”)
  • 便(べん)座(ざ) (benza, “toilet seat”)
  • 連(れん)座(ざ) (renza, “implication in a crime”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
座
ざ
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 座

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • (Tokyo) ざ [zà] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
    • (Tokyo) ざ​ [záꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
    • IPA(key): [d͡za̠]

Suffix

座(ざ) • (-za) 

  1. names of constellations
  2. names of theaters

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
座
くら
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɾa̠]

Affix

座(くら) • (kura) 

  1. high place
Derived terms
  • 位(くらい) (kurai, “grade, rank”)
  • 塒(ねぐら) (negura, “roost”)
  • 鳥(と)栖(ぐら) 塒(とぐら), 鳥(と)座(ぐら) (togura, “nest”)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

座 • (jwa) (hangeul 좌)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

座: Hán Nôm readings: tọa/toạ, tòa/toà, phụng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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