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单词
释义

See also: and
U+5EA6, 度
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EA6

[U+5EA5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5EA7]
U+FA01, 度
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA01

[U+FA00]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA02]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 53, 广+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿水 (ITE), four-corner 00247, composition广廿又)

Derived characters

  • 喥, 渡, 艔, 踱, 𨍏, 鍍(镀), 䩲,剫

References

  • KangXi: page 345, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9313
  • Dae Jaweon: page 655, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 880, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5EA6
  • Unihan data for U+FA01

Chinese

Glyph origin

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (rock) + (hand) — hand measuring a piece of rock. Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声) , with (OC *djaɡ) as a phonetic component. is then corrupted into ⿸广廿.

Shuowen considers it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ) : phonetic (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic .

Compare (OC *hljaɡs) and (OC *ljaːɡ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-twa (handspan). Cognate with Tibetan མཐོ (mtho, span; span of thumb and middle finger), Burmese ထွာ (htwa, to measure by a handspan; a quarter yard), အထွာ (a.htwa, handspan; quarter yard), တွက် (twak, to consider, to reckon; to calculate; to refuse to do things because others would not), အတွက် (a.twak, calculation; because of; for the sake of). It is unclear whether Proto-Mon-Khmer *cɗaʔ (span; handspan) (whence Mon (daˀ, to measure by spans of thumb and middle finger)) is related. Related to (OC *daː, “to plan; to consider; plan; map”).

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): dù (du4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дў (dw, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): dou6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): u5
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thu
  • Min Bei (KCR):
  • Min Dong (BUC):
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): tō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dou7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): du (T3)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin:
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin:
      • Wade–Giles: tu4
      • Yale:
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duh
      • Palladius: ду (du)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дў (dw, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: dou6
      • Yale: douh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
      • Guangdong Romanization: dou6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: u5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /u³²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu
      • Hakka Romanization System: tu
      • Hagfa Pinyim: tu4
      • Sinological IPA: /tʰu⁵⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized:
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê:
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou²⁴²/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō͘
      • Tâi-lô: tōo
      • Phofsit Daibuun: do
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔ³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔ²²/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: dou7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tōu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou¹¹/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: du (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d̥v̩ʷ²³/

  • Middle Chinese: /duoH/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/2
Initial () (7)
Final () (23)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie徒故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/duoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/doH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dɔH/
Li
Rong
/doH/
Wang
Li
/duH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dou6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ duH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁak-s/
Englishmeasure (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/2
No.11902
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*daːɡs/
Notes說文庶省聲,實亦石聲
Definitions

  1. linear measure; size; measures
  2. 52nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "measure" (𝌹)
  3. consideration; thought; expectation
  4. law; standard; rule; convention
  5. extent; limit; quota
  6. tolerance; open-mindedness
  7. degree; level; measure (often used to translate English -ness, -ity)
       shēn   depth
       cháng   length
       liàng   brightness; luminance
    可信   kěxìn   reliability; believability
          color saturation
       yán   salinity
  8. (graph theory) degree
          indegree
       chū   outdegree
  9. plan; design; programme
  10. to pass (time); to spend time
  11. to pass (physically); to go over
  12. (Buddhism) to say prayers or perform Buddhist service to release souls from purgatory
    广   guǎng   to save (sentient beings) universally
  13. (religion) to try to persuade someone to become a monk, nun or Taoist priest
  14. to write; to compose
  15. Classifier for degrees.
    旋轉90旋转90   xuánzhuǎn 90    rotate 90 degrees
    東經120东经120   dōngjīng 120    longitude 120° E
    絕對零绝对零   juéduì líng   absolute zero
    攝氏20摄氏20   shèshì 20    20 degrees Celsius
    1. (physics) Classifier for kilowatt-hour.
    2. (ophthalmology) Classifier for 0.01 dioptres.
      近視300近视300   jìnshì 300    –3.00 dioptres
    3. Classifier for alcohol concentration: percent
      紅酒酒精十幾红酒酒精十几   Hóngjiǔ jiǔjīng shí jǐ .   Red wine is around 10% alcohol.
  16. (literary) Classifier for events or occurrences: time
       zài   one more time
  17. (Cantonese) Classifier for doors.
    alt. forms:
  18. a surname
Synonyms
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): duó, duò (duo2, duo4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄛˊ, ㄉㄨㄛˋ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): dok6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ok5
  • Min Dong (BUC): dŏk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): to̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dag8
  • Wu (Wiktionary): doq (T5)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: duó
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: duó
      • Wade–Giles: to2
      • Yale: dwó
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwo
      • Palladius: до (do)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /twɔ³⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: duò
      • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄛˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: duò
      • Wade–Giles: to4
      • Yale: dwò
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duoh
      • Palladius: до (do)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /twɔ⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: dok6
      • Yale: dohk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dok9
      • Guangdong Romanization: dog6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːk̚²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: ok5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɔk̚³²/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: dŏk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /touʔ⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
      • Tâi-lô: to̍k
      • Phofsit Daibuun: dok
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tɔk̚²⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: dag8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tak̚⁴/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: doq (T5)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d̥ʊʔ¹²/

  • Middle Chinese: /dɑk̚/
Rime
Character
Reading #2/2
Initial () (7)
Final () (103)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()I
Fanqie徒落切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/dɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/dɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/dɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dak̚/
Li
Rong
/dɑk̚/
Wang
Li
/dɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duó
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dok6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*daːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duó
Middle
Chinese
‹ dak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ˁak/
Englishmeasure (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #2/2
No.11908
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*daːɡ/
Definitions

  1. to speculate
       cǔnduò   to guess
  2. to measure; to estimate; to judge
    用把尺 [Cantonese]   jung6 baa2 cek3 dok6 haa2 [Jyutping]   measure with a ruler
    • 權,然後知輕重;,然後知長短。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      权,然后知轻重;,然后知长短。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Quán, ránhòu zhī qīngzhòng; duò, ránhòu zhī chángduǎn. [Pinyin]
      By weighing, we know what things are light, and what heavy. By measuring, we know what things are long, and what short.
  3. to devise
    [Cantonese]   dok6 kiu4-2 [Jyutping]   devise a smart idea
Synonyms
Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 1?”)

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): dou6

  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: dou6
      • Yale: douh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
      • Guangdong Romanization: dou6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/

Definitions

(Cantonese)

  1. Used to indicate location of something.
    度度 [Cantonese]   dou6 dou6 [Jyutping]   everywhere
    唔通我留咗條鎖匙喺架車 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔通我留咗条锁匙喺架车 [Cantonese, simp.]
    m4 tung1 ngo5 lau4 zo2 tiu4 so2 si4 hai2 gaa3 ce1 dou6? [Jyutping]
    Can it be that I left the key in the car?
    行埋佢 [Cantonese]   haang4 maai4 keoi5 dou6 [Jyutping]   walk near to him/her
Synonyms
  • (dated) (syu3)

Compounds

See also

  • ()

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 1?”)

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): dou6-2

  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: dou6-2
      • Yale: dóu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dou6-2
      • Guangdong Romanization: dou6-2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²⁻³⁵/

Definitions

(Cantonese)

  1. approximately; around
    Synonym: 左右 (zuǒyòu)
    兩磅两磅 [Cantonese]   loeng5 bong6 dou6-2 [Jyutping]   around 2 pounds

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“residence; dwelling; house; home; tomb; grave; etc.”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. degrees
  2. occurrence
  3. time
  4. counter for occurrences

Readings

  • Go-on: (do, Jōyō); だく (daku)
  • Kan-on: (to, Jōyō ); たく (taku, Jōyō )
  • Kun: たび (tabi, , Jōyō); はかる (hakaru, 度る); めもり (memori, ); のり (nori, ); わたる (wataru, 度る)

Compounds

  • 丁度
  • 年度
  • 度し難い
  • 度合い
  • 度外
  • 度外視
  • 度数
  • 度生
  • 度肝
  • 度胸
  • 度量
  • 度量衡
  • 感度
  • 態度
  • 温度
  • 湿度
  • 程度
  • 調度
  • 震度

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
たび
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Noun

(たび) (tabi) 

  1. time; whenever
    • 1908, 夏目漱石(なつめそうせき) [Natsume Sōseki], “第一夜”, in 夢十夜(ゆめじゅうや) (Yume jūya) [Ten Nights of Dreaming]:
      (つち)をすくうたびに、(かい)(うら)(つき)(ひかり)()してきらきらした。
      Tsuchi o sukuu tabi ni, kai no ura ni tsuki no hikari ga sashite kirakira shita.
      Every time I dug up the earth, the back of the shell glittered from the moonlight.
See also
  • (とき) (toki)

Counter

(たび) (-tabi) 

  1. times

Suffix

(たび) (-tabi) 

  1. time

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
on’yomi

Suffix

() (-do) 

  1. (geometry) degree of an angle
  2. degree in temperature, scale, and so on
    • 2005 November 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “()(ソウ)(レン)(キン)ファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in ()(ソウ)(レン)(キン) [Armed Alchemy], volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      ()らえ ()(せん)(ひゃく)()(ほのお) ブレイズオブグローリイィ‼
      Kurae gosenhyaku-do no honō Bureizu obu Gurōrīi‼
      Take this 5,100-degree flame, Blaze of Glory!!
  3. number of times
  4. percentage of alcohol concentration

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese (MC duoH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448똥〮 (Yale: ttwó)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527법〮돗〯 (Yale: péptwǒ-s)도〯 (Yale: twǒ)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 법도(法度) 도 (beopdo do))

  1. Hanja form? of (bound, limit, extent). [noun]
  2. Hanja form? of (degree). [dependent noun]
Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese (MC dɑk̚).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448딱〮 (Yale: tták)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576혜아릴 (Yale: hyeyalil) (Yale: thak)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tʰa̠k̚]
  • Phonetic hangul: []

Hanja

(eumhun 헤아릴 탁 (hearil tak))

  1. Hanja form? of (to speculate; to measure). [affix]
Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: độ, dạc, đác, đạc, đọ, đủ, đù, dác, đo, đồ, đợ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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