幽

See also: 豳 and 凼

幽	U+5E7D, 幽 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E7D

← 幼
[U+5E7C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

幾 →
[U+5E7E]

Translingual

Han character

幽 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山女戈戈 (UVII), four-corner 2277₀, composition ⿻山𢆶)

Derived characters

㗀, 𢰠, 𭱒, 𪴉, 𦂣, 𧍘, 䫜, 𢇑, 𢇕, 𦇵, 𠋔, 𢉾

References

KangXi: page 342, character 12

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9205

Dae Jaweon: page 651, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1094, character 8

Unihan data for U+5E7D

Chinese

trad.		幽
simp. ^#		幽
2nd round simp.		⿶凵又

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯw) : 𢆶 + 山.

Etymology

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with Mru [script needed] (iu ~ ʔiu, “dark”) (Löffler, 1966); possibly also related to Tibetan [script needed] (g-yog-pa, “to cover”) & [script needed] (g-yogs, “lid”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Related to 黝 (yǒu), 窅 (yǎo), 杳 (yǎo), 穾, 窔 (yào)

Allofam is probably 窈窕 (OC *qiːwʔ l'eːwʔ) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yōu (you¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹
Min Bei (KCR): iú
Min Dong (BUC): hiŭ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): iu
(Teochew, Peng'im): hiun¹ / hiu¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: you
  - Wade–Giles: yu¹
  - Yale: yōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iou
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹
  - Yale: yāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iu
  - Tâi-lô: iu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiun¹ / hiu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiuⁿ / hiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hĩũ³³/, /hiu³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 幽
Mandarin	Beijing	/iou⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/iou⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/iou²¹/
	Jinan	/iou²¹³/
	Qingdao	/iou²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/iou²⁴/
	Xi'an	/iou²¹/
	Xining	/iɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iəu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/iou³¹/
	Ürümqi	/iɤu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/iəu⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/iəu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/iəɯ³¹/
	Hefei	/iɯ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/iəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/iəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/iɤ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/iɤ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔiø³³/
	Wenzhou	/j̠au³³/
Hui	Shexian	/iu³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/iu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/iəu³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/iəɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/iu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/iu¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jɐu⁵³/
	Nanning	/jɐu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/jɐu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/iu⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/iu⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hĩu³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/iu²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔiɪu/

Rime
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於虯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiw/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕu/
Wang Li	/iəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔieu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw/
(Zhengzhang): /*qɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)iw/
English	dark; secluded
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幽
Reading #	1/1
No.	14620
Phonetic component	幽
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	幽
Old Chinese	/*qɯw/
Notes	甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Definitions

幽

dim; dark
deep and remote
hidden; concealed
bottled up
quiet; tranquil
to imprison
netherworld
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 幽

九幽
俯遂幽眇
八幽
周幽王
幽人
幽冥 (yōumíng)
幽冥地府
幽冥戒
幽咽
幽囚
幽囚受辱
幽天
幽婉
幽婚
幽客
幽寂
幽居 (yōujū)
幽州 (Yōuzhōu)
幽幽 (yōuyōu)
幽庸
幽微
幽思 (yōusī)
幽怨 (yōuyuàn)
幽情 (yōuqíng)
幽房
幽敞
幽敻
幽昌 (yōuchāng)
幽明
幽昧
幽暗 (yōu'àn)
幽期 (yōuqī)
幽流
幽浮 (yōufú)
幽深 (yōushēn)

幽眇
幽真
幽禁 (yōujìn)
幽篁
幽美 (yōuměi)
幽若
幽蔽
幽襟
幽谷 (yōugǔ)
幽趣
幽途
幽邃 (yōusuì)
幽都
幽雅 (yōuyǎ)
幽香 (yōuxiāng)
幽魂 (yōuhún)
幽默 (yōumò)
幽默感 (yōumògǎn)
思古幽情
清幽 (qīngyōu)
通幽洞微
黑色幽默 (hēisè yōumò)
黜陟幽明
下喬入幽／下乔入幽
尋幽／寻幽
尋幽訪勝／寻幽访胜
幽厲／幽厉
幽叢／幽丛
幽夢影／幽梦影
幽嫻／幽娴
幽宮／幽宫
幽巖／幽岩
幽憂／幽忧
幽憤／幽愤 (yōufèn)

幽明異路／幽明异路
幽明錄／幽明录
幽會／幽会 (yōuhuì)
幽期密約／幽期密约
幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
幽殺／幽杀
幽特貝／幽特贝
幽獨／幽独
幽絕／幽绝
幽蘭／幽兰
幽軋／幽轧
幽遠／幽远
幽門／幽门 (yōumén)
幽閉／幽闭 (yōubì)
幽閒／幽闲
幽闥／幽闼
幽險／幽险
幽靈／幽灵 (yōulíng)
幽靈人口／幽灵人口
幽靈車／幽灵车
幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
幽顯異途／幽显异途
弔古尋幽／吊古寻幽
懷古幽情／怀古幽情
探幽窮賾／探幽穷赜
探幽索隱／探幽索隐
曲徑通幽／曲径通幽
無幽不燭／无幽不烛
空谷幽蘭／空谷幽兰
窮幽極微／穷幽极微
考績幽明／考绩幽明
藪幽／薮幽
訪古尋幽／访古寻幽
闡幽／阐幽

Japanese

Kanji

幽

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

dark
netherworld
hidden
confine, imprison

Readings

Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kun: くらい (kurai, 幽い); かすか (kasuka, 幽か)

Compounds

幽(ゆう)顕(けん) (yūken): dark and bright; the world of dead and living
幽(ゆう)閉(へい) (yūhei): to confine
幽(ゆう)霊(れい) (yūrei): a ghost
幽(ゆう)体(たい)離(り)脱(だつ) (yūtai ridatsu): out-of-body experience

Korean

Hanja

幽 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

幽: Hán Nôm readings: u, ù

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.