幸

幸

See also: 倖, 㚔, 羍, and 辛

幸 U+5E78, 幸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E78 ← 幷 [U+5E77] CJK Unified Ideographs 幹 → [U+5E79]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

幸 (Kangxi radical 51, 干+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土廿十 (GTJ), four-corner 4040₁, composition ⿱土𢆉)

Derived characters

• 倖, 執, 報, 婞, 睪, 䁄, 啈, 𩜜, 䛭, 𰵰, 悻, 𣈑, 𰖹, 𬍬, 涬, 㓑, 𰟚, 𪲟, 緈, 𥦭, 㼬, 𢔛, 䂔

References

• KangXi: page 341, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9176
• Dae Jaweon: page 649, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 434, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5E78

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (幸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
幸	*ɡreːŋʔ
倖	*ɡreːŋʔ
婞	*ɡeːŋʔ
涬	*ɡeːŋʔ
緈	*ɡeːŋʔ
悻	*ɡeːŋʔ
睪	*neb, *laːɡ, *kuː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡreːŋʔ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 犬. Original meaning is unclear.

Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 屰 (“opposite”) + 夭 (“death”) – lucky to be alive; fortunate.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		幸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): xìng (xing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): xin⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hang⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hang⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): xin⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hen

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hên⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): xing³
• Min Bei (KCR): hāing
• Min Dong (BUC): hâing / hêng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hěng / hēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhin (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): xin⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìng
    • Wade–Giles: hsing⁴
    • Yale: syìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shinq
    • Palladius: син (sin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: xin⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁶
    • Yale: hahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haŋ³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: xin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hen
    • Hakka Romanization System: hen
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hen⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hên⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hɛn⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: xing³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕĩŋ⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hāing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xaiŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hâing / hêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haiŋ²⁴²/, /hɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hěng
    • Tâi-lô: hǐng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hēng
    • Tâi-lô: hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heng
    • IPA (Singapore): /heŋ²²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhin (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɪɲ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: xin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁴⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 幸
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕiŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕin¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕin²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕĩ¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦin³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦɛ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/xɛ²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕin⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ɕin⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕin²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/hen⁵³/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐŋ²²/
	Nanning	/hɐŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/hɐŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xaiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/heŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/heŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛŋ^X/

Rime
Character	幸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡耿切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋX/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hang6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤreŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xìng
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛngX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁreŋʔ/
English	fortunate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幸
Reading #	1/1
No.	13881
Phonetic component	幸
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	幸
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːŋʔ/

Definitions

幸

1. by fluke; lucky

   alt. forms: 倖

2. fortunate; lucky

   三生有幸  ―  sānshēngyǒuxìng  ―  to be very lucky

   • 子曰：「丘也幸，苟有過，人必知之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：“丘也幸，苟有过，人必知之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zǐ yuē: “Qiū yě xìng, gǒu yǒu guò, rén bì zhī zhī.” [Pinyin]

     [T]the Master said, "I am fortunate! If I have any errors, people are sure to know them."

3. luckily; fortunately
4. to rejoice

   幸災樂禍／幸灾乐祸  ―  xìngzāilèhuò  ―  to be gratified by others' misfortunes

5. (literary) to hope; to wish
6. (historical, of an emperor) to personally visit
7. (literary) to favour; to dote on
8. a surname

Synonyms

• (to hope):

edit

Synonyms of 幸

企待 (qǐdài) (literary) 企望 (qǐwàng) 企盼 (qǐpàn) 冀望 (jìwàng) (literary) 向望 (ǹg-bāng) (Min Nan) 寄望 (jìwàng) 巴望 (bāwàng) (regional)

希冀 (xījì) (literary) 希望 (xīwàng) 思 (sī) (literary, or in compounds) 想望 (Jin) 指望 (zhǐwàng) 期待 (qīdài) 期望 (qīwàng)

渴望 (kěwàng) 盼 (pàn) 盼望 (pànwàng) 夢想／梦想 (mèngxiǎng) 引領／引领 (yǐnlǐng) (literary) 願意／愿意 (yuànyì) 鵠望／鹄望 (húwàng) (literary)

• (to personally visit): 親臨／亲临 (qīnlín)

Compounds

三生有幸 (sānshēngyǒuxìng) 不幸 (bùxìng) 不幸之幸 (bùxìngzhīxìng) 佞幸 召幸 多幸 (duōxìng) 大幸 (dàxìng) 天幸 (tiānxìng) 巡幸 (xúnxìng) 幸不辱命 幸位 幸倡 幸免 (xìngmiǎn) 幸喜 (xìngxǐ) 幸好 (xìnghǎo) 幸得 (xìngdé) 幸民 幸然 幸甚 (xìngshèn) 幸生 (xìngshēng) 幸福 (xìngfú)

幸童 幸而 (xìng'ér) 幸臣 幸蒙 幸逢 得幸 徼幸 恩幸 所幸 (suǒxìng) 有幸 (yǒuxìng) 望幸 狼心狗幸 短幸 藏幸 行幸 (xíngxìng) 邀天之幸 僥幸／侥幸 家門不幸／家门不幸 家門有幸／家门有幸 寵幸／宠幸 (chǒngxìng)

幸會／幸会 (xìnghuì) 幸災樂禍／幸灾乐祸 (xìngzāilèhuò) 幸為先容／幸为先容 幸獲識荊／幸获识荆 幸虧／幸亏 (xìngkuī) 幸進／幸进 幸運／幸运 (xìngyùn) 幸運兒／幸运儿 (xìngyùn'ér) 幸運券／幸运券 愛幸／爱幸 慶幸／庆幸 (qìngxìng) 榮幸／荣幸 (róngxìng) 樂禍幸災／乐祸幸灾 權幸／权幸 沒幸／没幸 竊幸乘寵／窃幸乘宠 臨幸／临幸 (línxìng) 萬幸／万幸 (wànxìng) 貴幸／贵幸 進幸／进幸

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (幸):

• → Japanese: 幸(こう) (kō)
• → Korean: 행(幸) (haeng)
• → Vietnamese: hạnh (幸)

Others:

• → Thai: เฮง (heng, “lucky, fortunate”)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 幸 – see 倖 (“to favor; to dote on; by fluke or chance; etc.”). (This character, 幸, is the simplified form of 倖.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 幸 – see 㚔 (“instrument of torture used in ancient times; loud; etc.”). (This character, 幸, is a variant form of 㚔.)

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Japanese

Kanji

幸

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: しあわせ (shiawase, 幸せ, Jōyō)^{←しあはせ (siafase, historical)}; さいわい (saiwai, 幸い, Jōyō)^{←さいはひ (saifafi, historical)}; さきわい (sakiwai, 幸い)^{←さきはひ (sakifafi, historical)}; さき (saki); さちわい (sachiwai, 幸い)^{←さちはひ (satifafi, historical)}; さち (sachi, 幸, Jōyō); さつ (satsu)
• Nanori: ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

• 射幸心
• 薄幸

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
幸
こう Grade: 3
on’yomi

/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

From Middle Chinese 幸 (hɛng^X, literally “lucky, fortunate, auspicious”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) こ​ー [kóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

幸(こう) • (kō) 

1. good luck, good fortune; happiness
2. an appearance by the emperor or a retired emperor

Usage notes

The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.

Synonyms

• (good fortune): 幸(こう)福(ふく) (kōfuku); 幸(さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸(さち) (sachi)
• (happiness): 仕(し)合(あわ)せ, 幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)
• (imperial appearance): 行幸(みゆき), 御(み)行(ゆき), 御(み)幸(ゆき) (miyuki); 御(ご)幸(こう) (gokō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
幸
しあわせ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 幸 – see the following entry.

【幸しあわせ】 [adjective] happy [adjective] fortunate, lucky [noun] a moment when circumstances come together: fate, opportunity (used to indicate both good and bad instances) [noun] happiness [noun] good fortune, good luck [noun] circumstances, the flow of events Alternative spellings 幸, 仕合せ, 仕合わせ, 倖せ

(This term, 幸, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
幸
さいわい Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/ → /saiwai/

Derived from sakiwai below.[2][1]

More often spelled as 幸い with the final い to indicate the reading.

Alternative forms

• 幸い

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) さいわい [sàíwáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠iɰᵝa̠i]

Adjective

幸(さいわい) • (saiwai) ^{←さいはひ (saifafi)?} -na (adnominal 幸(さいわい)な (saiwai na), adverbial 幸(さいわい)に (saiwai ni))

1. very fortunate and happy, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
2. favorable, ideal (often used in polite constructions)

   お返(へん)事(じ)をいただければ幸(さいわ)いです。

   O-henji o itadakereba saiwai desu.

   It would be favorable if I could have your reply. → I would greatly appreciate your reply.

Conjugation

Inflection of 幸

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	幸だろ	さいわいだろ	saiwai daro
Continuative (連用形)	幸で	さいわいで	saiwai de
Terminal (終止形)	幸だ	さいわいだ	saiwai da
Attributive (連体形)	幸な	さいわいな	saiwai na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	幸なら	さいわいなら	saiwai nara
Imperative (命令形)	幸であれ	さいわいであれ	saiwai de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	幸ではない 幸じゃない	さいわいではない さいわいじゃない	saiwai de wa nai saiwai ja nai
Informal past	幸だった	さいわいだった	saiwai datta
Informal negative past	幸ではなかった 幸じゃなかった	さいわいではなかった さいわいじゃなかった	saiwai de wa nakatta saiwai ja nakatta
Formal	幸です	さいわいです	saiwai desu
Formal negative	幸ではありません 幸じゃありません	さいわいではありません さいわいじゃありません	saiwai de wa arimasen saiwai ja arimasen
Formal past	幸でした	さいわいでした	saiwai deshita
Formal negative past	幸ではありませんでした 幸じゃありませんでした	さいわいではありませんでした さいわいじゃありませんでした	saiwai de wa arimasen deshita saiwai ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	幸で	さいわいで	saiwai de
Conditional	幸なら（ば）	さいわいなら（ば）	saiwai nara (ba)
Provisional	幸だったら	さいわいだったら	saiwai dattara
Volitional	幸だろう	さいわいだろう	saiwai darō
Adverbial	幸に	さいわいに	saiwai ni
Degree	幸さ	さいわいさ	saiwaisa

Adverb

幸(さいわい) • (saiwai) ^{←さいはひ (saifafi)?}

1. fortunately, luckily, happily

   幸(さいわい)、怪我(けが)はなかった。

   Saiwai, kega wa nakatta.

   Luckily, no one was hurt.

Usage notes

When used as an adverb without a particle, this term usually comes at the start of the sentence. It also appears used with advervial particles に (ni) and と (to), or, perhaps more commonly, in an adverbial construction as 幸なことに.

Noun

幸(さいわい) • (saiwai) ^{←さいはひ (saifafi)?}

1. very good fortune and happiness, especially as bestowed by gods, spirits, buddhas, or other entities
2. an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
3. (derivation unknown) the tail and back fins of a carp or other fish, as used in cooking

Synonyms

• (favorable occurrence): 幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase)
• (happiness): 幸(しあわ)せ (shiawase), 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku)
• (fish tail and back fins): 尾(お)鰭(ひれ) (ohire)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
幸
さきわい Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
幸い

/sakipapi/ → /sakiɸaɸi/ → /sakiwahi/ → /sakiwai/

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸(さきわ)う (sakiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸(さき) (saki, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這(は)う (hau), 延(は)う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[2]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [sa̠kʲiɰᵝa̠i]

Noun

幸(さきわい) • (sakiwai) ^{←さきはひ (sakifafi)?}

1. (obsolete) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
2. (obsolete) good luck or good fortune itself

Usage notes

Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above.

Synonyms

• (good fortune): 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸(さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸(さち) (sachi)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
幸
さき Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[2] Possibly cognate with 先 (saki, “tip, point; future, ahead”) from the idea of [favorable] future. Possibly also related to sachi / satsu below.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [sa̠kʲi]

Noun

幸(さき) • (saki) 

1. (obsolete) good luck, good fortune; happiness

   c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4095)

   大夫能 許己呂於毛保由 於保伎美能 美許登佐吉乎 聞者多布刀美

   大夫の 心思ほゆ 大君の 御言の幸を 聞けば貴み

   ますらをの こころおもほゆ おほきみの みことのさきを きけばたふとみ

   Masurawo no | kokoro omohoyu | Ohokimi no | mikoto no saki wo | kikeba tafutomi

   “Such manliness of spirit is brought to mind. How noble to hear of the happiness / good fortune of the words of the emperor...”

Usage notes

The good fortune and happiness senses are generally considered as overlapping.

Saki in this sense appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

Synonyms

• (good fortune): 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸(さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸(さち) (sachi)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
幸
さちわい Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/sat͡ɕipapi/ → /sat͡ɕiɸaɸi/ → /sat͡ɕiwahi/ → /sat͡ɕiwai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 幸う (sachiwau, “to meet with good fortune; to prosper”), itself a compound of 幸 (sachi below, “good fortune, happiness”) + 這う, 延う (hau, “to spread out widely”).[2]

Alternative forms

• 幸い

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡ɕiɰᵝa̠i]

Noun

幸(さちわい) • (sachiwai) ^{←さちはひ (satifafi)?}

1. (obsolete, rare) an occurrence of good luck or good fortune
2. (obsolete, rare) good luck or good fortune itself

Usage notes

Obsolete in modern Japanese, replaced by saiwai above. In historical Japanese, sachiwai appears to be a rarer variant of sakiwai above.

Synonyms

• (good fortune): 幸福(こうふく) (kōfuku); 幸(さいわ)い (saiwai); 幸(さち) (sachi)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
幸
さち Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese,[2] from Proto-Japonic *satuy. Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.

The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.

This is the standalone form of satsu below. Possibly derived as the fusion of satsu and Old Japanese emphatic nominalizing particle い: */satu i/ → /sati/ → /sat͡ɕi/

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) さ​ち [sáꜜchì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡ɕi]

Adjective

幸(さち) • (sachi) -na (adnominal 幸(さち)な (sachi na), adverbial 幸(さち)に (sachi ni))

1. very fortunate and happy

Inflection

Inflection of 幸

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	幸だろ	さちだろ	sachi daro
Continuative (連用形)	幸で	さちで	sachi de
Terminal (終止形)	幸だ	さちだ	sachi da
Attributive (連体形)	幸な	さちな	sachi na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	幸なら	さちなら	sachi nara
Imperative (命令形)	幸であれ	さちであれ	sachi de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	幸ではない 幸じゃない	さちではない さちじゃない	sachi de wa nai sachi ja nai
Informal past	幸だった	さちだった	sachi datta
Informal negative past	幸ではなかった 幸じゃなかった	さちではなかった さちじゃなかった	sachi de wa nakatta sachi ja nakatta
Formal	幸です	さちです	sachi desu
Formal negative	幸ではありません 幸じゃありません	さちではありません さちじゃありません	sachi de wa arimasen sachi ja arimasen
Formal past	幸でした	さちでした	sachi deshita
Formal negative past	幸ではありませんでした 幸じゃありませんでした	さちではありませんでした さちじゃありませんでした	sachi de wa arimasen deshita sachi ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	幸で	さちで	sachi de
Conditional	幸なら（ば）	さちなら（ば）	sachi nara (ba)
Provisional	幸だったら	さちだったら	sachi dattara
Volitional	幸だろう	さちだろう	sachi darō
Adverbial	幸に	さちに	sachi ni
Degree	幸さ	さちさ	sachisa

Noun

幸(さち) • (sachi) 

1. (archaic) a hunting implement; the spirit of a hunting implement
2. a bounteous catch (for fishing), amply caught game (for hunting); food (specifically animal protein caught in the wild: fish or game)
3. good fortune, good luck; happiness

Derived terms

• 幸(さち)あれ (sachiare)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
幸
さつ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese,[2] from Proto-Japonic *satu. Possibly cognate with Korean 살 (sal, “arrow”). Possibly also related with saki above.

The kanji may have originally been applied to this word for the source Chinese term's associations with good fortune.

This is the bound form of sachi above. This form is only ever used in compounds. Possibly the original form.

Alternative forms

• 猟

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Prefix

幸(さつ) • (satsu-) 

1. (obsolete) hunting, for hunting

   幸(さつ)矢(や)、幸(さつ)弓(ゆみ)、幸(さつ)人(ひと)

   satsuya, satsuyumi, satsuhito

   a hunting arrow, a hunting bow, a hunter

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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Korean

Hanja

幸 (eumhun 다행 행 (dahaeng haeng))

1. Hanja form^? of 행 (“fortune; good luck”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

幸: Hán Nôm readings: hạnh, may

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.