巨

巨

See also: 鉅, 臣, and 囙

巨 U+5DE8, 巨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DE8 ← 巧 [U+5DE7] CJK Unified Ideographs 巩 → [U+5DE9]

Translingual

Han character

巨 (Kangxi radical 48, 工+2 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 工+1 in mainland China, 5 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 4 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 尸尸 (SS), four-corner 7171₇, composition ⿷匚コ)

Derived characters

• 佢, 𠰠, 姖, 岠, 弡, 怇, 拒, 洰, 昛, 柜, 炬, 𭸾, 𨒑, 歫, 矩, 秬, 粔, 䋌, 耟, 蚷, 詎(讵), 𧲽, 𧺹, 距, 䣰, 鉅(钜), 壾, 駏, 鮔, 𪀏, 䶙, 䢹, 𩿝, 巪, 乬, 螶, 奆, 苣, 𥬙, 𨳽

References

• KangXi: page 325, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8722
• Dae Jaweon: page 628, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 82, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5DE8

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Chinese

trad.		巨
simp. #		巨
alternative forms		㠪 𠫕 𢀑 ancient form 𢀓

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
柜	*kaʔ
渠	*ɡa
磲	*ɡa
蕖	*ɡa
蟝	*ɡa
璖	*ɡa
巨	*ɡaʔ
距	*ɡaʔ
拒	*ɡaʔ
苣	*ɡaʔ
炬	*ɡaʔ
詎	*ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅	*ɡaʔ
秬	*ɡaʔ
粔	*ɡaʔ
駏	*ɡaʔ
歫	*ɡaʔ
矩	*kʷaʔ
榘	*kʷaʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a carpenter's square; the original form of 矩 (OC *kʷaʔ). Borrowed phonetically for the sense "enormous".

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wa (“large, wide, distant”). Insides Sinitic, 巨 (OC *gwaʔ ?) is possibly related to 迂 (OC *wa, “to enlarge, increase”) and perhaps 況 (OC *hwaŋh, “to increase, increasingly, how much more, moreover”); outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo vak (“with force, very hard, much, exceedingly, in large number / quantities, (open mouth) wide”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jù (ju⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khî

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ki¹

• Min Dong (BUC): gé̤ṳ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kū / kǐr / kī / kîr / kǐ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ge⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): jjy (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jù
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyù
    • Wade–Giles: chü⁴
    • Yale: jyù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiuh
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: geoi⁶
    • Yale: geuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khî
    • Hakka Romanization System: ki´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ki¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ki¹
    • Sinological IPA: /cʰi⁴⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gé̤ṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køy²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kū
    • Tâi-lô: kū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ku
    • IPA (Taipei): /ku³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ku²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐr
    • Tâi-lô: kǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Hui'an): /kɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī
    • Tâi-lô: kī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
    • Tâi-lô: kîr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐ
    • Tâi-lô: kǐ
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /ki³³/

Note:

• Quanzhou:
  • kǐr - literary;
  • kîr - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ge⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: jjy (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑy²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨʌ^X/

Rime
Character	巨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/ɡiɔX/
Wang Li	/ɡĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巨
Reading #	1/1
No.	7047
Phonetic component	巨
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡaʔ/

Definitions

巨

1. huge; gigantic; enormous

   alt. forms: 鉅, 距

2. a surname
3. macro-; macro
4. million; one million; mega-; mega
5. Short for 巨港 (Jùgǎng, “Palembang”).

   (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)

6. (neologism) super; very

Antonyms

• 小 (xiǎo)
• 微 (wēi)

Compounds

一代巨擘 天王巨星 巨人 (jùrén) 巨人族 巨人症 巨作 (jùzuò) 巨公 巨匠 (jùjiàng) 巨商 巨型 (jùxíng) 巨壑 巨大 (jùdà) 巨子 巨室 (jùshì) 巨富 (jùfù) 巨川 巨幅 (jùfú) 巨擘 (jùbò) 巨星 (jùxīng) 巨棒 巨棒外交 巨款 (jùkuǎn) 巨毋霸 (jùwúbà) 巨流 (jùliú)

巨浪 (jùlàng) 巨海 巨浸 巨港 (Jùgǎng) 巨然 巨爵座 (Jùjuézuò) 巨猾 巨猿 巨眼 巨石 巨石文化 巨脾症 巨著 (jùzhù) 巨蛇座 (Jùshézuò) 巨蛋 (jùdàn) 巨蜥 (jùxī) 巨蟹座 (Jùxièzuò) 巨蠹 巨觥 (jùgōng) 巨鹿 泥足巨人 看文巨眼 超巨星 (chāojùxīng) 郭巨

深奸巨猾 老奸巨猾 三巨頭／三巨头 (sānjùtóu) 巨勛／巨勋 巨大無比／巨大无比 (jùdàwúbǐ) 巨無霸／巨无霸 (jùwúbà) 巨盜／巨盗 巨碩／巨硕 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) 巨細／巨细 (jùxì) 巨萬／巨万 (jùwàn) 巨變／巨变 (jùbiàn) 巨資／巨资 (jùzī) 巨闕／巨阙 巨響／巨响 (jùxiǎng) 巨頭／巨头 (jùtóu) 巨額／巨额 (jù'é) 巨龍／巨龙 (Jùlóng) 楊巨源／杨巨源 狂濤巨浪／狂涛巨浪 艱巨／艰巨 (jiānjù) 鴻篇巨制／鸿篇巨制 鴻篇巨帙／鸿篇巨帙 (hóngpiānjùzhì)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 巨 – see 颶 (“typhoon; hurricane; cyclone, typhoon, gale”). (This character, 巨, is the second-round simplified form of 颶.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

• “巨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01149

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Japanese

Shinjitai	巨
Kyūjitai [1]	巨󠄁 巨+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	巨󠄃 巨+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

巨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. enormous, giant

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: きょ (kyo, Jōyō)^{←きよ (kyo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: おおきい (ōkii, 巨きい)^{←おほきい (ofokī, historical)}; でかい (dekai, 巨い)
• Nanori: おお (ō)^{←おほ (ofo, historical)}; か (ka); なお (nao)^{←なほ (nafo, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 巨(きょ)人(じん) (kyojin): a giant
• 巨(きょ)乳(にゅう) (kyonyū): large breasts
• 巨(きょ)大(だい) (kyodai): huge

References

1. “巨”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Hanja

巨 (eum 거 (geo))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

巨: Hán Nôm readings: cự, cựa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.