工夫
See also: 功夫
Chinese
Pronunciation 1
work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labor | husband; man | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (工夫) | 工 | 夫 | |
alternative forms | 功夫 |
Noun
工夫
- time and effort taken to perform a task; work
- 我們前幾天的工夫算是白花。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- Wǒmen qiánjǐtiān de gōngfu suànshì báihuā. [Pinyin]
- All the work I've put in on her for the past few days has just been wasted.
我们前几天的工夫算是白花。 [MSC, simp.]- 在開發者文檔中花上一番工夫去解釋其背後的思想 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- zài kāifāzhě wéndàng zhōng huā shàng yīfān gōngfu qù jiěshì qí bèihòu de sīxiǎng [Pinyin]
- take pains in the developer's documentation to explain the thinking behind it
在开发者文档中花上一番工夫去解释其背后的思想 [MSC, simp.]
- skills attained after taking the time and effort; skilfulness; expertise; workmanship
- work; labour; job; task
- time (for doing something); free time
- 既然你沒有工夫,你就不必參加茶會了。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- Jìrán nǐ méiyǒu gōngfu, nǐ jiù bùbì cānjiā cháhuì le. [Pinyin]
- Since you have no time, you need not attend the tea party.
既然你没有工夫,你就不必参加茶会了。 [MSC, simp.]- 「如今才九月半,還有四五個月的工夫,什麼病治不好呢?」 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- “rújīn cái jiǔyuèbàn, háiyǒu sì wǔ ge yuè de gōngfu, shénme bìng zhì bù hǎo ne?” [Pinyin]
- “It's only the middle of the ninth month now. You've got four or five months' time still, quite long enough to recover from any illness.”
“如今才九月半,还有四五个月的工夫,什么病治不好呢?” [MSC, simp.]
- (colloquial) time (when something happened); moment; period
- 她到處追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠,一眨眼的工夫就從桌子上跳到椅子上。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- Tā dàochù zhuīzhú xiǎngxiàng zhōng de lǎoshǔ hé sōngshǔ, yīzhǎyǎn de gōngfu jiù cóng zhuōzi shàng tiào dào yǐzi shàng. [Pinyin]
- She raced around, chasing imaginary mice and squirrels, and vaulted from table to chair in the blink of an eye.
她到处追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠,一眨眼的工夫就从桌子上跳到椅子上。 [MSC, simp.]- 他躺著一動不動有半天的工夫,拼命掙脫昏迷的控制。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: UM-Corpus: A Large English-Chinese Parallel Corpus by NLP2CT
- Tā tǎng zhe yīdòngbùdòng yǒu bàntiān de gōngfu, pīnmìng zhèngtuō hūnmí de kòngzhì. [Pinyin]
- For half a day he lay motionless, trying to fight off unconsciousness.
他躺着一动不动有半天的工夫,拼命挣脱昏迷的控制。 [MSC, simp.]
- Alternative form of 功夫 (gōngfu, “martial arts; kung fu”).
Synonyms
- (time and effort): 功夫 (gōngfu)
Adjective
工夫
- (Min Nan) skilful; delicate; refined
- (Taiwanese Hokkien and Hakka) thoughtful; thorough
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) too polite; too courteous
Derived terms
Derived terms from 工夫
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (工夫):
- → Korean: 공부(工夫) (gongbu, “study”)
- → Jeju: 공븨 (gongbui, “study”) ; 공비 (gongbi, “study”); 공부 (gongbu, “study”)
Pronunciation 2
work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labor | husband; man | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (工夫) | 工 | 夫 |
Noun
工夫
- (literary) temporary worker; casual labour
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 夫 |
く Grade: 2 | ふう Grade: 4 |
goon | kan’yōon |
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) くふう [kùfúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [kɯ̟ᵝɸɯ̟ᵝː]
Noun
工夫 • (kufū)
- device; scheme; devising; scheming
- dedication to spiritual improvement (especially through Zen meditation)
Verb
工夫する • (kufū suru) suru (stem 工夫し (kufū shi), past 工夫した (kufū shita))
- devise, come up with, contrive
Conjugation
Conjugation of "工夫する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 工夫し | くふうし | kufū shi | |
Continuative (連用形) | 工夫し | くふうし | kufū shi | |
Terminal (終止形) | 工夫する | くふうする | kufū suru | |
Attributive (連体形) | 工夫する | くふうする | kufū suru | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 工夫すれ | くふうすれ | kufū sure | |
Imperative (命令形) | 工夫せよ¹ 工夫しろ² | くふうせよ¹ くふうしろ² | kufū seyo¹ kufū shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 工夫される | くふうされる | kufū sareru | |
Causative | 工夫させる 工夫さす | くふうさせる くふうさす | kufū saseru kufū sasu | |
Potential | 工夫できる | くふうできる | kufū dekiru | |
Volitional | 工夫しよう | くふうしよう | kufū shiyō | |
Negative | 工夫しない | くふうしない | kufū shinai | |
Negative continuative | 工夫せず | くふうせず | kufū sezu | |
Formal | 工夫します | くふうします | kufū shimasu | |
Perfective | 工夫した | くふうした | kufū shita | |
Conjunctive | 工夫して | くふうして | kufū shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 工夫すれば | くふうすれば | kufū sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 夫 |
こう Grade: 2 | ふ Grade: 4 |
kan’on |
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) こーふ [kóꜜòfù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [ko̞ːɸɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
工夫 • (kōfu)
- labourer; blue-collar worker
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 夫 |
Noun
工夫 • (gongbu) (hangeul 공부)
- Hanja form? of 공부 (“learning, study”).