岸

See also: 㟁, 𡶜, and 崖

岸	U+5CB8, 岸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB8

← 岷
[U+5CB7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岹 →
[U+5CB9]

Translingual

Han character

岸 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一一十 (UMMJ), four-corner 2224₁, composition ⿱山厈)

References

KangXi: page 310, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8009

Dae Jaweon: page 610, character 7

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 4

Unihan data for U+5CB8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		岸
alternative forms		㟁屽厈垾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
訐	krads, krads, ked, kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	kaːn, ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	kaːn, ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	kaːn, ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	kaːnʔ, kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	kaːns, ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	kʰaːn, kʰaːns, kreːn, kan
衎	kʰaːnʔ, kʰaːns
犴	ŋaːn, ŋaːns
豻	ŋaːn, ŋaːns, ɦŋaːns, ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	ŋaːns, hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	qʰaːn, ɢaːns
罕	qʰaːnʔ, qʰaːns
焊	qʰaːnʔ, ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	ɡaːns, kʰraːn
捍	ɡaːns, ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	ɡan, ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡaːns) : semantic 屵 (“cliff”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn) – the edge of the land.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): àn (an⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ngon⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngon⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): ngon⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngan
(Meixian, Guangdong): ngan⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ghan³
Min Bei (KCR): ngāing
Min Dong (BUC): ngiâng / ngâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hōaⁿ / gān
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngai⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ngoe (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ngan⁴ / ngan⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: àn
  - Wade–Giles: an⁴
  - Yale: àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ann
  - Palladius: ань (anʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngon⁶
  - Yale: ngohn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngon⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngon⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡᵘɔn³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: ngon⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɵn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngan
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋan⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ghan³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɣæ̃⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngāing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiâng / ngâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɑŋ²⁴²/, /ŋɑŋ²⁴²/

Note:

ngiâng - vernacular;
ngâng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoa
  - IPA (Hui'an): /huã²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /huã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Nan'an, Klang): /huã³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /huã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai): /huã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gān
  - Tâi-lô: gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gan
  - IPA (Nan'an): /ɡan³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡan³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɡan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai): /ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /ɡan²¹/

Note:

hōaⁿ - vernacular;
gān - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngai⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngăi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋai³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngoe (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋø²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ngan⁴ / ngan⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋan⁴⁵/, /ŋan²¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɑn^H/

Rime
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋan^H/
Li Rong	/ŋɑn^H/
Wang Li	/ŋɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngon⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤa[r]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	àn
Middle Chinese	‹ ngan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁa[r]-s/
English	bank of a river
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岸
Reading #	1/1
No.	3604
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	岸
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡaːns/

Definitions

岸

bank; shore; coast
海岸 ― hǎi'àn ― coast
靠岸 ― kào'àn ― to approach the shore
high; lofty
偉岸／伟岸 ― wěi'àn ― tall and sturdy
stately; haughty
border

Compounds

上岸 (shàng'àn)
不立崖岸
傲岸 (ào'àn)
凸岸
北海岸
南岸 (nán'àn)
原生海岸
口岸 (kǒu'àn)
堤岸 (dī'àn)
岩岸
岸忽
岸然 (ànrán)
岸然道貌
崖岸 (yá'àn)
崖岸自高
彼岸 (bǐ'àn)
此岸
江岸 (jiāng'àn)
沙岸
河岸 (hé'àn)
沿岸 (yán'àn)
沿岸流
泊岸 (bó'àn)

法岸
海岸 (hǎi'àn)
海岸平原
海岸流
瑰岸
田岸 (chhân-hōaⁿ) (Min Nan)
登岸 (dēng'àn)
立崖岸
象牙海岸 (Xiàngyá Hǎi'àn)
起岸
通商口岸 (tōngshāng kǒu'àn)
道貌岸然 (dàomào'ànrán)
隔岸
靠岸 (kào'àn)
高岸
高岸深谷
魁岸
偉岸／伟岸 (wěi'àn)
免稅口岸／免税口岸
兩岸／两岸 (liǎng'àn)
到岸價格／到岸价格
回頭是岸／回头是岸 (huítóu shì àn)

夾岸／夹岸 (jiā'àn)
孤峰絕岸／孤峰绝岸
對岸／对岸 (duì'àn)
岸幘／岸帻
岸標／岸标 (ànbiāo)
岸獄／岸狱
岸邊／岸边 (ànbiān)
攏岸／拢岸
東岸／东岸 (dōng'àn)
東海岸／东海岸 (Dōnghǎi'àn)
沿岸貿易／沿岸贸易
海岸山脈／海岸山脉
海岸線／海岸线 (hǎi'ànxiàn)
海岸防線／海岸防线
海峽兩岸／海峡两岸
站乾岸兒／站干岸儿
誕登道岸／诞登道岸
隔岸觀火／隔岸观火 (gé'ànguānhuǒ)
隔岸開火／隔岸开火
駁岸／驳岸 (bó'àn)
驚濤拍岸／惊涛拍岸
黃金海岸／黄金海岸 (Huángjīn Hǎi'àn)

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #3830”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

岸

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

beach

Readings

Go-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kun: きし (kishi, 岸, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
岸
きし Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きし [kìshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [kʲi̥ɕi]

Noun

岸(きし) • (kishi)

bank, coast, shore

Proper noun

岸(きし) • (Kishi)

a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
岸
がん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

岸(がん) • (gan)

bank; coast; shore

References

1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岸 (MC ŋɑn^H).

Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅡᆫ〮 (Yale: ngan) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean 안 (an) (Yale: an) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource岸 (eumhun 언덕 안 (eondeok an))

Hanja form^? of 안 (“bank”).

Compounds

연안 (沿岸, yeonan)
해안 (海岸, haean)
안벽 (岸壁, anbyeok)
사안 (沙岸/砂岸, saan)
안반 (岸畔, anban)
해안선 (海岸線, haeanseon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

岸: Hán Nôm readings: ngàn, ngan, ngạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NHK-1] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[ZAJ-3] 1960, Tetsuo Hirayama (平山輝男, editor), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”), (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN