岩

See also: 巖, 礹, 巗, 碞, 嵒, and 嵓

岩	U+5CA9, 岩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA9

← 岨
[U+5CA8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岪 →
[U+5CAA]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

岩 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山一口 (UMR), four-corner 2260₁, composition ⿱山石)

References

KangXi: page 309, character 19

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7985

Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 766, character 7

Unihan data for U+5CA9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		岩
alternative forms		巖巗／岩嵒嵓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 山 (“hill”) + 石 (“rock”).

Originally written as 巖 – phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“hill”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam). The variant form 岩 first appeared in the clerical script in Han dynasty.

Etymology 1

Cognate with 嚴 (OC *ŋam, “majestic; stern; grave”) and 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”). See 嚴 for more.

癌 (ái, “cancer”) is a derivative of 岩.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngàm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gâm / giâm
(Teochew, Peng'im): ngam⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhi (T3); nge (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaam⁴
  - Yale: ngàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngam²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋam¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâm
  - Tâi-lô: gâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaam
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡam²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡam¹³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
  - Tâi-lô: giâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ɡiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋam⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhi (T3); nge (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦi²³/, /ŋe̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /ŋˠam/

Rime
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五銜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨm/
Li Rong	/ŋam/
Wang Li	/ŋam/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤr[a]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English	rocky, lofty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岩
Reading #	1/1
No.	3684
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	巖
Old Chinese	/*ŋraːm/

Definitions

岩

cliff
rock; stone; -ite
mountain peak
cave
^† tall; steep

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 岩 – see 巖 (“dangerous and important; cliff, precipice; etc.”). (This character, 岩, is the simplified and variant form of 巖.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

Derived terms from 岩

七星岩 (Qīxīngyán)
冰岩
凝灰岩 (nínghuīyán)
大岩桐
大慈岩 (Dàcíyán)
安山岩 (ānshānyán)
岩圈
岩基
岩壁 (yánbì)
岩岸
岩床
岩心
岩棉
岩洞 (yándòng)
岩溶 (yánróng)
岩石 (yánshí)
岩石圈 (yánshíquān)
岩礁
岩羊
巉岩 (chányán)
攀岩 (pānyán)
斑岩 (bānyán)
板岩 (bǎnyán)
梅家岩 (Méijiāyán)
水成岩 (shuǐchéngyán)
泥板岩 (níbǎnyán)
浮岩 (fúyán)

深成岩
火山岩 (huǒshānyán)
火成岩 (huǒchéngyán)
熔岩 (róngyán)
片岩 (piànyán)
片麻岩 (piànmáyán)
玄武岩 (xuánwǔyán)
玢岩 (bīnyán)
瘦岩岩
石灰岩 (shíhuīyán)
石英岩
砂岩 (shāyán)
礁岩
粗面岩
粘板岩
膨土岩
骨岩岩
高白岩 (Gāobáiyán)
黑曜岩 (hēiyàoyán)
七里岩 (Qīlǐyán)
偉晶岩／伟晶岩
冰磧岩／冰碛岩
千岩萬壑／千岩万壑 (qiānyánwànhè)
噴出岩／喷出岩
岩層／岩层
岩漿／岩浆 (yánjiāng)

岩灣／岩湾 (Yánwān)
岩石學／岩石学 (yánshíxué)
岩脈／岩脉
岩鹽／岩盐
懸岩／悬岩
沉積岩／沉积岩 (chénjīyán)
油頁岩／油页岩
流紋岩／流纹岩
瀉水岩／泻水岩 (Xièshuǐyán)
白雲岩／白云岩 (báiyúnyán)
矽質岩／矽质岩
硬頁岩／硬页岩
磨變岩／磨变岩
礫岩／砾岩 (lìyán)
粒變岩／粒变岩
紅岩寺／红岩寺 (Hóngyánsì)
結晶岩／结晶岩
花崗岩／花岗岩 (huāgāngyán)
角礫岩／角砾岩 (jiǎolìyán)
角頁岩／角页岩
輝綠岩／辉绿岩
輝長岩／辉长岩
鑼圈岩／锣圈岩 (Luóquānyán)
頁岩／页岩 (yèyán)
黃牛岩／黄牛岩 (Huángniúyán)
龍巖／龙岩 (Lóngyán)

Japanese

Kanji

岩

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
Kun: いわ (iwa, 岩, Jōyō)^{←いは (ifa, historical)}

Compounds

岩(がん)漿(しょう) (ganshō): magma
松(しょう)脂(し)岩(がん) (shōshigan): pitchstone

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
岩
いわ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/ipa/ → /ifa/ → /iwa/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū finished some time after 759 CE.[1]

Alternative forms

巌
磐

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) いわ [ìwáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3][4]
IPA^(key): [iɰᵝa̠]

Noun

岩(いわ) • (iwa) ^{←いは (ifa)^?}

rock
- 1999 July 22, “岩(がん)窟(くつ)魔(ま)人(じん)オーガ・ロック [Cave Jinn Ogre Rock]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
  体(からだ)が岩(いわ)のため守(しゅ)備(び)は高(たか)い。太(ふと)い腕(うで)のひと振(ふ)りに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
  Karada ga iwa no tame shubi wa takai. Futoi ude no hitofuri ni chūi.
  Its defence is strong thanks to its rock body. Watch out for a swing of its massive arms.

Derived terms

巌(いわお) (iwao)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
岩
がん Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 岩 (MC ŋˠam).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on

IPA^(key): [ɡã̠ɴ]

Affix

岩(がん) • (gan)

rock

References

c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3590), text here
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

岩 (eum 암 (am))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

岩: Hán Nôm readings: nham, nhàm, nhem

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 15, poem 3590), text here

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN