岡

See also: 𫝍 and 冈

岡	U+5CA1, 岡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CA1

← 岠
[U+5CA0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

岢 →
[U+5CA2]

Translingual

Han character

岡 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月廿山 (BTU), four-corner 7722₀, composition ⿵冂⿱䒑山)

Derived characters

剛(刚), 鋼(钢), 崗(岗), 罁, 綱(纲), 㟠, 𢜟, 掆(㧏), 𣷣, 焵, 棡(㭎), 犅, 碙, 堈

Related characters

冈 (Simplified Chinese)

References

KangXi: page 308, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7962
Dae Jaweon: page 608, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 100, character 14
Unihan data for U+5CA1

Chinese

trad.		岡
simp.		冈^*
alternative forms		崗／岗

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
岡	*klaːŋ
崗	*klaːŋ
剛	*klaːŋ
掆	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
鋼	klaːŋ, klaːŋs
綱	*klaːŋ
犅	*klaːŋ
堈	*klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 网 (OC *mlaŋʔ) + semantic 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), cognate with Tibetan སྒང་ (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain").

STEDT also proposes cognacy with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “artificial mound, capital”) and 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāng, gǎng (gang¹, gang³)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤ, ㄍㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kông
Min Dong (BUC): gŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kong / kang
(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ / geng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): kaan (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gang
  - Wade–Giles: kang¹
  - Yale: gāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gang
  - Palladius: ган (gan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎng
  - Wade–Giles: kang³
  - Yale: gǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaang
  - Palladius: ган (gan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong¹
  - Yale: gōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kông
  - Hakka Romanization System: gong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /koŋ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong
  - Tâi-lô: kong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kang
  - Tâi-lô: kang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ / geng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/, /kɯŋ³³/

Note: geng1 - used in 黃岡.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: kaan (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /kɑŋ/

Rime
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古郎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaŋ/
Li Rong	/kɑŋ/
Wang Li	/kɑŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gong¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*klaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3711
Phonetic component	岡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	岡
Old Chinese	/*klaːŋ/
Notes	說文從山網聲

Definitions

岡

ridge or crest of a mountain
mountain; hill

Compounds

奧勒岡州／奥勒冈州
山岡／山冈 (shāngāng)
岡岑／冈岑
岡巒／冈峦 (gāngluán)
岡比亞／冈比亚 (Gāngbǐyà)
岡渡拉／冈渡拉
岡連嶺屬／冈连岭属

岡陵／冈陵 (gānglíng)
崑岡／昆冈
梵蒂岡／梵蒂冈 (Fàndìgāng)
瀧岡／泷冈
臥龍岡／卧龙冈
雲岡／云冈 (Yúngāng)
雲岡石窟／云冈石窟

靜岡／静冈 (Jìnggāng)
高岡／高冈 (gāogāng)
高岡兒／高冈儿
鶴岡／鹤冈 (Hègāng)
黃岡／黄冈 (Huánggāng)
黃花岡／黄花冈

Japanese

Kanji

岡

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

hill

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: おか (oka, 岡, Jōyō ^†)^{←をか (woka, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
岡
おか Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 岡 – see the following entry.

【おか】	[noun] hill [proper noun] a surname Alternative spellings 丘, 岡

(This term, 岡, is an alternative (only in proper nouns) spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Alternative forms

崗 (崗)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 岡 (MC kɑŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 崗 (崗)/가ᇰ (kang) (Yale: kang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource岡 (eumhun 산등성이 강 (sandeungseong'i gang))

Hanja form^? of 강 (“hill”).

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 1.

Vietnamese

Han character

岡: Hán Nôm readings: cương

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