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单词 accident
释义

accident

See also: Accident

English

A car after an accident (unintended event causing damage).

Etymology

  • First attested in the late 14th century. From Middle English, from Old French accident, from Latin accidēns, present active participle of accidō (“happen”); from ad (“to”) + cadō (“fall”). See cadence, case. In the sense "unintended pregnancy", first attested in 1932.

Pronunciation

  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈæk.sə.dənt/, /ˈæk.sə.dɛnt/
  • Audio (US)(file)

Noun

accident (countable and uncountable, plural accidents)

  1. An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.
    • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:
      Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances, / Of moving accidents by flood and field […]
    to die by an accident such as an act of God
    Coordinate term: act of God
  2. (transport) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)
    There was a huge accident on I5 involving 15 automobiles.
    My insurance went up after the second accident in three months.
    • 2013 July-August, Philip J. Bushnell, “Solvents, Ethanol, Car Crashes & Tolerance”, in American Scientist:
      Surprisingly, this analysis revealed that acute exposure to solvent vapors at concentrations below those associated with long-term effects appears to increase the risk of a fatal automobile accident. Furthermore, this increase in risk is comparable to the risk of death from leukemia after long-term exposure to benzene, another solvent, which has the well-known property of causing this type of cancer.
  3. Any chance event.
  4. (uncountable) Chance; random chance.
    • c.1861-1863, Richard Chevenix Trench, in 1888, Letters and memorials, Volume 1,
      Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident, / It is the very place God meant for thee; […]
    • 1991 Autumn, Robert M. Adams, “Montaigne”, in American Scholar, volume 60, number 4, page 589:
      And so with his writing, which he proudly said was a perfect counterpart of his life. Accident played a major part in both.
  5. Any property, fact, or relation that is the result of chance or is nonessential or nonsubstantive.
    See also: accident (philosophy)
    Beauty is an accident.
    Lexical gaps are called accidental because their existence is by accident; it is not essential.
    • 1883, J. P. Mahaffy, Social life in Greece from Homer to Menander,
      This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea, which is rather the consequence of its being a very ancient site, […]
    • 1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Folio Society 2008, page 171:
      If they went through their growth-crisis in other faiths and other countries, although the essence of the change would be the same […] , its accidents would be different.
    • 14thC, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale in The Canterbury Tales,
      These cookes how they stamp, and strain, and grind, / And turne substance into accident, / To fulfill all thy likerous talent!
    • 1677, Heraclitus Christianus: or, the Man of Sorrow, chapter 3, page 14:
      But as to Man, all the Fruits of the Earth, all sorts of Herbs, Plants and Roots, the Fishes of the Sea, and the Birds of the Air do not suffice him, but he must disguise, vary, and sophisticate, change the substance into accident, that by such irritations as these, Nature might be provoked, and as it were necessitated.
    • 1989, Iysa A. Bello, The medieval Islamic controversy between philosophy and orthodoxy, page 55:
      Nonetheless, those who have no evidence of the impossibility of the transformation of accident into substance believe that it is death itself which will be actually transformed into a ram on the Day of Resurrection and then be slaughtered.
    • 2005, Muhammad Ali Khalidi, Medieval Islamic philosophical writings, page 175:
      It would also follow that God ought to be able to transmute genera, converting substance into accident, knowledge into ability, black into white, and sound into smell, just as he can turn the inanimate into animate […]
    • 2010, T. M. Rudavsky, Maimonides, page 142:
      nor can God effect the transmutation of substances (from accident into substance, or substance into accident, or substance without accident).
    1. (grammar) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, such as gender, number, or case.
      • a 1799, John Parkhurst, A Hebrew and English lexicon without points, page 25
        An adjective, so called because adjectitious, or added to a substantive, denotes some quality or accident of the substantive to which it is joined […]
  6. (euphemistic) An instance of incontinence.
    • 2009, Marcia Stedron, My Roller Coaster Life as an Army Wife, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 56:
      We weren’t there long when Karin asked about our dog. When we told her Chris was in the car, she insisted we bring him up to the apartment. I rejected her offer and said he might have an accident on the carpet and I didn’t want to worry about it.
    1. Urine or feces excreted due to incontinence.
  7. (euphemistic) An unintended pregnancy.
    1. (derogatory or humorous) A person born from an unintended pregnancy.
      Taylor was our sweet little accident, and we're so glad!
      Well I may be annoying but at least I'm not an accident like you are
  8. (geology) An irregular surface feature with no apparent cause.
  9. (geology) A sudden discontinuity of ground such as fault of great thickness, bed or lentil of unstable ground.[1]
  10. (heraldry) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms.

Usage notes

Risk management and risk mitigation experts (such as actuaries, systems engineers, and others) generally do not approve of calling motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) "accidents", because they advisedly reserve that term for things not directly caused by human recklessness or negligence. Because it is predictably obvious (and directly causal) that distracted driving (e.g., texting, IMing/DMing, videogaming, or intoxication while driving) produces MVCs, those MVCs are not "accidents". Nonetheless, among the general public, MVCs are quite often called "accidents" rather than "crashes" or "collisions", not only by idiomatic inertia but also because connotatively, it steers clear of broaching the topic of blame assignment, whereas a phrase like "he crashed" connotes blame.

Synonyms

  • (unexpected event with negative consequences): mishap
  • (unexpected event that takes place without foresight or expectation): befalling, chance, contingency, casualty; See also Thesaurus:accident
  • (chance): fortune, luck; see also Thesaurus:luck
  • (law): casus

Derived terms

  • accidental
  • accidentally
  • accident and emergency
  • accident blackspot
  • accident neurosis
  • accident of birth
  • accident-prone
  • accident rate
  • accident waiting to happen
  • by accident
  • cerebrovascular accident
  • freak accident
  • hull-loss accident
  • industrial accident
  • it is no accident
  • on accident
  • road accident
  • snaccident
  • without accident
English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱh₂d-‎ (0 c, 30 e)

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

  1. (transport) Designating any form of transportation involved in an accident.
    The NTSB report revealed that the accident airplane was a Cessna 172.

See also

  • Accident
  • The Accident

References

  • Elisabetta Lonati, "Allas, the shorte throte, the tendre mouth": the sins of the mouth in The Canterbury Tales, in Thou sittest at another boke, volume 3 (2008, ISSN 1974-0603), page 253: "the cooks "turnen substance into accident" (Pd 539), transform the raw material, its natural essence, into the outward aspect by which it is known."
  • Barbara Fass Leavy, To Blight With Plague: Studies in a Literary Theme (1993), page 47:
    To turn substance into accident is to give external form to what previously was unformed, to transform spirit into matter, to reduce eternal truths to their ephemeral physical manifestations.
  1. “geological accident - accident géologique”, in Dictionary of Civil Engineering: English-French (EngineeringPro), Springer Science & Business Media, 2007-05-08, DOI:10.1007/b104633, →ISBN, page 573: “A sudden discontinuity of ground such as fault of great thickness, bed or lentil of unstable ground, etc.”

Further reading

  • accident in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • accident in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  • accident at OneLook Dictionary Search

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin accidēns, present active participle of accidō (“happen”).

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic) IPA(key): /ək.siˈdent/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /ək.siˈden/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /ak.siˈdent/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

accident m (plural accidents)

  1. accident (a chance occurrence)
  2. (grammar) accident
  3. (music) accidental
  4. (logic) accident
  5. (transport) accident
  6. (geography) feature

Derived terms

  • accidentar
  • accidentogen
  • accidental

Further reading

  • “accident” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “accident”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “accident” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “accident” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch accident, from Middle French accident.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌɑk.siˈdɛnt/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: ac‧ci‧dent
  • Rhymes: -ɛnt

Noun

accident n (plural accidenten, diminutive accidentje n)

  1. (philosophy, theology) accidental property
  2. (now Belgium) accident

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin accidens.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ak.si.dɑ̃/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

accident m (plural accidents)

  1. accident

Usage notes

  • Not to be confused with incident.

Derived terms

  • accident de décompression
  • accident de parcours
  • accident de travail/accident du travail
  • accident vasculaire cérébral
  • accidentel
  • accidenter
  • par accident

Further reading

  • “accident”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Etymology 1

Form of the verb accidō (“I fall down upon”).

Verb

accident

  1. third-person plural future active indicative of accidō

Etymology 2

Form of the verb accīdō (“I cut down”).

Verb

accīdent

  1. third-person plural future active indicative of accīdō

Middle French

Noun

accident m (plural accidens)

  1. accident (unexpected outcome)

Old French

Noun

accident m (oblique plural accidenz or accidentz, nominative singular accidenz or accidentz, nominative plural accident)

  1. accident (chance occurrence)
  2. symptom (medical)

Descendants

  • English: accident
  • French: accident

Romanian

Etymology

From French accident.

Noun

accident n (plural accidente)

  1. accident

Declension

Declension of accident
singularplural
indefinite articulationdefinite articulationindefinite articulationdefinite articulation
nominative/accusative(un) accidentaccidentul(niște) accidenteaccidentele
genitive/dative(unui) accidentaccidentului(unor) accidenteaccidentelor
vocativeaccidentuleaccidentelor

Scots

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈaksɪdɛnt]

Noun

accident (plural accidents)

  1. An accident; a coincidental occurrence or event.

References

  • Eagle, Andy, editor (2016) The Online Scots Dictionary, Scots Online.
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