屎

屎	U+5C4E, 屎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C4E

← 屍
[U+5C4D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

屏 →
[U+5C4F]

Translingual

Han character

屎 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 尸火木 (SFD), four-corner 7729₄, composition ⿸尸米)

Derived characters

䐖𡳁𡳛

References

KangXi: page 301, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7689

Dae Jaweon: page 598, character 15

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 973, character 6

Unihan data for U+5C4E

Chinese

trad.		屎
simp. ^#		屎
alternative forms		𦳊宩𡱁𡲑𡲔𦳊宩𡱁𡲑𡲔𡲖𥺶𥻐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 屎
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (尸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
杘	*l̥ʰis
尸	*hli
鳲	*hli
屍	hli, hlis
屎	hliʔ, hri

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliʔ, *hri) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli, “body”) + semantic 米 (“rice”). The 米 component was originally three (, representing 小, as seen in ), four (, representing 少) or five dots (as seen in ) forming a ideogrammic representation of faeces in the oracle bone script, with four dots being the most common variant, thus representing a man defecating with faeces coming out of the backside. The Shang dynasty variants saw the 尸 ("body") component interchangeable with 人 ("human"); later, by the Western Zhou dynasty, 尸 variants with four dots became the dominant and sole-surviving form, however examples from this time period also exist where the 尸 component is mistaken for 尾 ("tail"), as seen in . During the Warring States period, the 少 component became corrupted[1] into 米.

Shuowen Jiezi does not feature the 屎 character, however it does contain 𦳊 and 𡕝. 𦳊 is listed in Shuowen as deriving from 艸 ("grass") and 胃 ("stomach"), while 𡲴 is listed as the ancient form of 徙 (“migration”), however in reality this is not the case; 𡲴 is an erroneous form of the 屎 variant containing 尾, where the tail portion of the 尾 component is mistakenly written as 火. During the Zhou dynasty, 屎 was often used as a phonetic borrowing for 徙 (OC *selʔ); moreover, during the Warring States period, the Chu script character for 徙 consisted of 屎 with an additional 辵 (modern radical form 辶) added[1] to represent the meaning of walking.

Following transition to the clerical script, a variety of alternate forms emerged:

The 米 component was replaced with phonetic component 矢 (OC *hliʔ) thus creating the variant form 𡱁;
Some variants added another 米 radical to create 𥻐 and 𥺶;
Existing variants containing the 尾 component became 𡲔 and 𡱵;
The body portion of 𡲴 also became further corrupted into 夂 (zhǐ), creating 𡕝;
The tail portion of 尾-based variants became corrupted into 巛, creating 𡲑;
The 尸 component corrupted into 广, creating 𢈍;
Even the variant form 𢈍 became corrupted, where the 广 was simplified into 宀, creating 宩.

All of these variant forms failed to gain widespread usage, and eventually faded into obscurity while 屎 remained the dominant character variant.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kləj (“excrement”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shǐ (shi³)
(Zhuyin): ㄕˇ
(Chengdu, SP): si³
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): сы (sɨ, II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): si²
Gan (Wiktionary): si³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ́
(Meixian, Guangdong): si³
Jin (Wiktionary): si²
Min Bei (KCR): sǐ
Min Dong (BUC): sāi
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sái / sí / sír / sú
(Teochew, Peng'im): sai²
Wu (Wiktionary): sr (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): shr³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
  - Wade–Giles: shih³
  - Yale: shř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: si³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: сы (sɨ, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: si²
  - Yale: sí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si²
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: si³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: sii`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: si³
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si³
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁵³/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sái
  - Tâi-lô: sái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sae
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
  - Tâi-lô: sí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
  - Tâi-lô: sír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
  - Tâi-lô: sú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /su⁵³/

Note:

sái - vernacular;
sí/sír/sú - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sai⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: sr (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: shr³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɕˠiɪ^X/

Rime
Character	屎
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式視切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕˠiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕᵚi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕji^X/
Li Rong	/ɕji^X/
Wang Li	/ɕi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ijʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*hliʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	屎
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ syij^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[qʰ]ijʔ/
English	excrement
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	屎
Reading #	1/2
No.	11399
Phonetic component	尸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	矢
Old Chinese	/*hliʔ/

Definitions

屎

excrement; poop (Classifier: 坨 m; 篤／笃 c; 坺 c)
secretion from the body; tear, earwax, snot, etc.
residue; waste; debris
(vulgar) worthless; useless; despicable
(vulgar) useless thing

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 屎 (“faeces”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		糞, 屎, 糞便, 大便, 大恭
Mandarin	Beijing	屎, 大外, 㞎㞎 childish
	Taiwan	大便, 屎
	Harbin	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Yantai (Muping)	屎
	Jinan	屎, 大糞, 㞎㞎 childish
	Luoyang	屎, 屎㞎㞎 childish
	Wanrong	屎
	Xi'an	屎
	Yinchuan	屎
	Lanzhou	屎
	Xining	大便
	Ürümqi	屎
	Wuhan	㞎㞎, 屎, 大糞, 糞, 糟兒 slang, 米田共 argot
	Chengdu	屎, 屎㞎衣兒, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎㞎 childish
	Guiyang	屎, 㞎㞎 childish, 屎㞎兒 childish
	Liuzhou	屎, 癟, 大便
	Xuzhou	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Yangzhou	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
	Nanjing	屎
	Malaysia	屎, 大便
	Singapore	屎, 大便
Cantonese	Guangzhou	屎, 茄
	Hong Kong	屎, 茄, 大便, 米田共 slang, 便便 childish, 唔唔 childish, 臭臭 childish
	Macau	屎
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	屎, 茄
	Dongguan	屎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	屎
	Penang (Guangfu)	屎
	Singapore (Guangfu)	屎
Gan	Nanchang	屎
	Lichuan	屎
	Pingxiang	屎
Hakka	Meixian	屎
	Yudu	屎
	Kuching (Hepo)	屎
Huizhou	Jixi	屎, 練 childish
Jin	Taiyuan	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Min Bei	Jian'ou	屎
Min Dong	Fuzhou	屎
Min Nan	Xiamen	屎
	Quanzhou	屎
	Zhangzhou	屎
	Tainan	屎, 大便 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	屎
	Singapore (Hokkien)	屎
	Manila (Hokkien)	屎
	Chaozhou	屎
	Singapore (Teochew)	屎
	Leizhou	屎
	Haikou	屎
	Singapore (Hainanese)	屎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	屎
Wu	Shanghai	惡, 大解 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	惡
	Suzhou	惡
	Danyang	屎
	Hangzhou	惡
	Ningbo	惡
	Wenzhou	惡
	Jinhua	惡
Xiang	Changsha	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Xiang	Loudi	屎, 㞎㞎 childish
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Derived terms from 屎

一啖砂糖一啖屎
一垺屎
一把屎，一把尿
不拉屎的
半桶屎
厚屎
厚屎尿
嘴吃屎
好鞋不踏臭屎
家己捧屎抹面
屎㞎㞎 (shǐbǎba)
屎堆
屎塔
屎尾
屎尿 (shǐniào)
屎忽
屎忽鬼
屎桶
屎棋
屎盆子 (shǐpénzi)
屎盎
屎窟
屎蚵蜋
屎蛋 (shǐdàn)
屙屎 (ēshǐ)
慢牛厚屎尿
拉屎 (lāshǐ)
拉硬屎
搞屎棍
搦屎搦尿
放屎
流目屎
激屎

火屎
灰屎
炭屎
燥屎
牛屎色
狗吃屎
狗屎 (gǒushǐ)
狗屎堆 (gǒushǐduī)
狗改不了吃屎 (gǒu gǎi bùliǎo chī shǐ)
疶屎
目屎
目屎膏
眼屎 (yǎnshǐ)
瞪屎
石屎 (shíshǐ)
老鼠屎 (lǎoshǔshǐ)
耳屎 (ěrshǐ)
落屎
落屎星
薰屎
道在屎溺 (dàozàishǐniào)
阿屎
鼻屎 (bíshǐ)
鼻屎膏
占著茅坑不拉屎
一礐屎／一𬒈屎
一粒老鼠屎，壞了一鍋粥／一粒老鼠屎，坏了一锅粥 (yī lì lǎoshǔshǐ, huài le yī guō zhōu)
乾屎橛／干屎橛 (gānshǐjué)
厚話屎／厚话屎
吃了蜜蜂兒屎似的／吃了蜜蜂儿屎似的
好好鱟刣甲屎那流／好好鲎刣甲屎那流
屎桮齒／屎桮齿
屎橋／屎桥

屎殼郎／屎壳郎 (shǐkelàng)
屎滾尿流／屎滚尿流 (shǐgǔnniàoliú)
屎礐仔／屎𬒈仔
屎礐仔蟲／屎𬒈仔虫
屎缸蟲／屎缸虫
屎頭巾／屎头巾
懶人多屎尿／懒人多屎尿
拖屎連／拖屎连
擔屎／担屎
擔屎唔偷食／担屎唔偷食
攝屎／摄屎
攪屎棍／搅屎棍 (jiǎoshǐgùn)
攬狗屎／揽狗屎
桌頂食飯，桌跤放屎／桌顶食饭，桌跤放屎
滲屎／渗屎
滲屎尿／渗屎尿
漚屎面／沤屎面
牛屎鳥仔／牛屎鸟仔
牛屎龜／牛屎龟
狗吃熱屎／狗吃热屎
狗攬三堆屎／狗揽三堆屎
生狂狗食無屎／生狂狗食无屎
生雞卵無，放雞屎有／生鸡卵无，放鸡屎有
胡蠅屎痣／胡蝇屎痣
胡蠅舞屎桮／胡蝇舞屎桮
落屎馬／落屎马
話屎／话屎
雞屎落塗，也有三寸煙／鸡屎落涂，也有三寸烟
雞屎藤／鸡屎藤
雞屎運／鸡屎运
飛屎／飞屎
鳥不生蛋，狗不拉屎／鸟不生蛋，狗不拉屎

Etymology 2

This is a 破讀／破读 (pòdú, “isolated instance of unusual pronunciation”) found in 詩經.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xī (xi¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xī
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: si
  - Wade–Giles: hsi¹
  - Yale: syī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shi
  - Palladius: си (si)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hei¹
  - Yale: hēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /hiɪ/

Rime
Character	屎
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	喜夷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/hi/
Shao Rongfen	/xjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hi/
Li Rong	/xi/
Wang Li	/xi/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[qʰ]ij/
(Zhengzhang): /*hri/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	屎
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xī
Middle Chinese	‹ xjij ›
Old Chinese	/[qʰ]ij/ (dialect: qʰ- > *x-, no palatalization)
English	moan
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	屎
Reading #	2/2
No.	11401
Phonetic component	尸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	咦
Old Chinese	/*hri/

Definitions

屎

^† Only used in 殿屎 (“to groan”).

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01086
“屎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Li Shoukui (李守奎) (April 2015), ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻‎, volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 2021-01-11, retrieved 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

Japanese

Kanji

屎

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

excrement, feces, poop

Readings

Go-on: し (shi)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: くそ (kuso, 屎); ばば (baba, 屎)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
屎
くそ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨kuso₁⟩ → /kuso/

From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *kusau. Cognate with 臭い (kusai, “stinky, smelly”), 腐る (kusaru, “to rot, to become stinky”).[2]

Alternative forms

糞

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) くそ [kùsóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3][4]
IPA^(key): [kɯ̟̊ᵝso̞]

Noun

屎(くそ) • (kuso)

(colloquial) feces, excrement

Derived terms

屎(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): dingleberry (vulgar epithet)
目屎(めくそ) (mekuso): rheum, eye mucus

Idioms

屎(くそ)にする (kuso ni suru): “to turn something into shit; to treat something as shit” → to make something worthless; to treat something as worthless
屎(くそ)の役(やく)にも立(た)たぬ (kuso no yaku ni mo tatanu): “not even standing in the role of shit” → not even good for shit
(See 役(やく)に立(た)つ (yaku ni tatsu): “to be useful, to play a role”)
屎(くそ)も味噌(みそ)も一緒(いっしょ) (kuso mo miso mo issho): “both crap and miso together” → a situation where it is difficult to tell the good from the bad

Interjection

屎(くそ) • (kuso)

(swear word) shit

Usage notes

This is not considered as profane as the English glosses. For instance, a child of five using the Japanese interjection kuso would be unremarkable, whereas it would be very socially inappropriate for a child of five to use the English interjection shit.

Prefix

屎(くそ) • (kuso-)

A derogatory prefix.
屎(くそ)爺(じじ)い
kusojijī
crappy old man

Suffix

屎(くそ) • (-kuso)

A derogatory emphasizing suffix.
下手(へた)屎(くそ)
hetakuso
crappy bad at something; to be shit at doing something
襤褸(ぼろ)屎(くそ)
borokuso
broken down for shit, raggedy-ass

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
屎
ばば Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Appears to derive from baby talk.[2][3] Compare English poopoo.

Alternative forms

糞

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) ばば [bàbá] (Heiban – [0])[3]
(Tokyo) ばば [bàbáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[3]
IPA^(key): [ba̠ba̠]

Noun

屎(ばば) • (baba)

(children's word): poopoo, poop, dookie
(children's word): something unclean

Idioms

猫屎(ねこばば)する (nekobabasuru): to sweep something under the rug → to hide a problem without actually dealing with it (from how a cat will bury its poop)

References

National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2020), “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

屎 (eumhun 똥 시 (ttong si))

Hanja form^? of 시 (“feces, excrement”).

屎 (eumhun 끙끙거릴 히 (kkeungkkeunggeoril hi))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

屎: Hán Nôm readings: thỉ, xái

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[lishoukui-1] Li Shoukui (李守奎) (April 2015), ““屎”與“徙之古文”考 [On the ancient glyphs of “屎” and “徙”]”, in 出土文獻‎, volume 6, Tsinghua University, archived from the original on 2021-01-11, retrieved 11 January 2021, pages 154-162

[ONCOJKuso-2] National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (2020), “Old Japanese kuswo”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎

[KDJ-3] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-4] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-5] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN