屈服

屈服

Chinese

		bent; feel wronged	clothes; dress; garment clothes; dress; garment; submit; take (medicine)
simp. and trad. (屈服)		屈	服
variant forms		屈伏

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qūfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wat¹ fuk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiut-fu̍k
• Min Nan (POJ): khut-ho̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: qūfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiufwu
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wat¹ fuk⁶
    • Yale: wāt fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wat⁷ fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wed¹ fug⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /wɐt̚⁵ fʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiut-fu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiud` fug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiud⁵ fug⁶
    • IPA: /kʰi̯ut̚² fuk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut-ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: khut-ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quthok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ hɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁵ hɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ hɔk̚⁴/

Verb

屈服

1. to surrender; to yield

Synonyms

edit

屈從／屈从 (qūcóng) 臣服 (chénfú)

降服 (xiángfú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (屈服):

• → Korean: 굴복 (屈服, gulbok)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
屈	服
くつ > くっ Grade: S	ふく > ぷく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 屈伏

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 屈服 (MC kɨut̚|kʰɨut̚ bɨuk̚, literally “bend; crouch + submit; obey”). Compare modern Hakka reading khiut-fu̍k.

The modern reading kuppuku is a shift from earlier kutsubuku.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) くっぷく [kùppúkú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝp̚pɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

屈服 (hiragana くっぷく, rōmaji kuppuku)

1. surrender, submission, or subjection (as to a ruler or other authority)
2. prostration, kowtowing

Verb

屈服する (hiragana くっぷくする, rōmaji kuppuku suru)

1. to surrender, submit, or subject oneself (as to a ruler or other authority)
2. to prostrate oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of "屈服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	屈服し	くっぷくし	kuppuku shi
Continuative (連用形)	屈服し	くっぷくし	kuppuku shi
Terminal (終止形)	屈服する	くっぷくする	kuppuku suru
Attributive (連体形)	屈服する	くっぷくする	kuppuku suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	屈服すれ	くっぷくすれ	kuppuku sure
Imperative (命令形)	屈服せよ¹ 屈服しろ²	くっぷくせよ¹ くっぷくしろ²	kuppuku seyo¹ kuppuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	屈服される	くっぷくされる	kuppuku sareru
Causative	屈服させる 屈服さす	くっぷくさせる くっぷくさす	kuppuku saseru kuppuku sasu
Potential	屈服できる	くっぷくできる	kuppuku dekiru
Volitional	屈服しよう	くっぷくしよう	kuppuku shiyō
Negative	屈服しない	くっぷくしない	kuppuku shinai
Negative continuative	屈服せず	くっぷくせず	kuppuku sezu
Formal	屈服します	くっぷくします	kuppuku shimasu
Perfective	屈服した	くっぷくした	kuppuku shita
Conjunctive	屈服して	くっぷくして	kuppuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	屈服すれば	くっぷくすれば	kuppuku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN