尽きる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 尽 |
| つ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 盡きる (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
From Old Japanese tuki2. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, spelled phonetically in man'yōgana as 都奇,[1] and in the Nihonshoki kayō (completed 720 AD) under the phonetic man'yōgana 豆紀.
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) つきる [tsùkíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝkʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "尽きる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 尽きる | つきる | [tsùkíꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尽きろ | つきろ | [tsùkíꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 尽きられる | つきられる | [tsùkíráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 尽きさせる | つきさせる | [tsùkísáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 尽きよう | つきよー | [tsùkíyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 尽きない | つきない | [tsùkíꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 尽きなかった | つきなかった | [tsùkíꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 尽きます | つきます | [tsùkímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 尽きた | つきた | [tsúꜜkìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 尽きて | つきて | [tsúꜜkìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尽きれば | つきれば | [tsùkíꜜrèbà] |
Verb
尽きる • (tsukiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 尽き (tsuki), past 尽きた (tsukita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 尽くす |
| mediopassive | 尽きる |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 尽かす |
| mediopassive | 尽きる |
- to be used up; to be exhausted; to run out; to become depleted
Conjugation
Conjugation of "尽きる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 尽き | つき | tsuki | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 尽き | つき | tsuki | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 尽きる | つきる | tsukiru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 尽きる | つきる | tsukiru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 尽きれ | つきれ | tsukire | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尽きよ¹ 尽きろ² | つきよ¹ つきろ² | tsukiyo¹ tsukiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 尽きられる | つきられる | tsukirareru | |
| Causative | 尽きさせる 尽きさす | つきさせる つきさす | tsukisaseru tsukisasu | |
| Potential | 尽きられる 尽きれる³ | つきられる つきれる³ | tsukirareru tsukireru³ | |
| Volitional | 尽きよう | つきよう | tsukiyō | |
| Negative | 尽きない 尽きぬ 尽きん | つきない つきぬ つきん | tsukinai tsukinu tsukin | |
| Negative continuative | 尽きず | つきず | tsukizu | |
| Formal | 尽きます | つきます | tsukimasu | |
| Perfective | 尽きた | つきた | tsukita | |
| Conjunctive | 尽きて | つきて | tsukite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 尽きれば | つきれば | tsukireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "尽く" (カ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 尽き | つき | tuki |
| Continuative (連用形) | 尽き | つき | tuki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 尽く | つく | tuku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 尽くる | つくる | tukuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 尽くれ | つくれ | tukure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 尽きよ | つきよ | tukiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 尽きず | つきず | tukizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 尽くれど | つくれど | tukuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 尽くれば | つくれば | tukureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 尽きば | つきば | tukiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 尽きき | つきき | tukiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 尽きけり | つきけり | tukikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 尽きつ | つきつ | tukitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 尽きぬ | つきぬ | tukinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 尽きたり | つきたり | tukitari |
| Volitional | 尽きむ | つきむ | tukimu |
References
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4458)
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN