尸
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Translingual
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Han character
尸 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 尸 (S), four-corner 77207, composition ⿰丿コ)
- Kangxi radical #44, ⼫.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/尸
- 㕧, 迉, 𤰨, 𮓴, 𧥤, 𣢁, 𨾋, 鳲(鸤), 凥, 杘, 𣢂, 𧿃, 𨾈, 䬤, 孱, 䲩, 羼
- 戸, 户, 戶, 𠔅, 卢, 𡔜, 𠧕, 𢛥, 𡖀, 𥣡, 𦎾
Descendants
- ㄕ
References
- KangXi: page 299, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7630
- Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 963, character 14
- Unihan data for U+5C38
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 尸 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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杘 | *l̥ʰis |
尸 | *hli |
鳲 | *hli |
屍 | *hli, *hlis |
屎 | *hliʔ, *hri |
Pictogram (象形) - A man with his legs bending, and a side to the front. The picture is variously interpreted as either sitting or lying.
When used as a radical, 尸 is usually derived from a variation of 人 or 亻, as in 尾.
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. | 尸 |
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Pronunciation
Definitions
尸
- a living person who represents the dead person during a rite
Compounds
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Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 尸 – see 屍 (“corpse; carcass”). (This character, 尸, is the simplified form of 屍.) |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- corpse; cadaver
Readings
- Go-on: し (shi)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kun: かたしろ (katashiro, 尸); しかばね (shikabane, 尸)
Noun
Kanji in this term |
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尸 |
しかばね Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi |
Kanji in this term |
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尸 |
かばね Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi |
尸 • (kabane) (alternative reading hiragana しかばね, rōmaji shikabane)
- Alternative spelling of 屍 (“corpse; cadaver”)
Korean
Hanja
尸 (eum 시 (si))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Old Korean
Etymology 1
Most likely from the Old Chinese initial of 尸 (OC *hli). Other, but less likely, hypotheses include that it was a graphic abbreviation of some other character with initial */l/ (but no such character has been easily identified), or that it was invented in Korea (but there would appear to be no motivation for this, given the commonness of /l/ in all stages of Chinese).
Phonogram
尸 (*-l or *-lh)
- A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-l or *-lh.
- 道 (“road”, logogram) + 尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → 道尸 (*KIl(h), “road”)
- 二 (“two”, logogram) + 尸 (*-l, coda-marking phonogram) → 二尸 (*TWUPUl(h), “two”)
Usage notes
Note that Old Korean distinguished liquid 尸 (*-l) and rhotic 乙 (*-r), though the two merged in Middle Korean.
See also
- 肹 (*-(hu)r)
- 乙 (*-r)
Suffix
尸 (*-lq)
- The irrealis/prospective verbal gerund-marking suffix:
- what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:
- [於]思惟乎尸所 良中疑是隨逐乎尸有叱㢱
- *SO.YU-hoyo-l PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-lq Is-umye
- As there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Humane King Sutra, page 3.10—11:
- 作樂乎尸刀亦乎隱然叱乎示下
- CAK.AK-ho-lq-two STWO-ho-n [?]-s-ho-si-ha
- The [honored] ones who make music [the honored music-makers] also did as such
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- which will, [something] to, which is, etc.; used as an adnominal, but chiefly for dependent nouns and certain common constructions.
- 765, 忠談師 (Chungdamsa), “安民歌 (Anmin-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
- 君隱父也臣隱愛賜尸母史也
- *NIMKUM-un AP-ye SIN-un TOSU-si-lq Esi-ye
- The sovereign is a father; the ministers are loving mothers
- c. 1250, Interpretive gugyeol glosses to the Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra, page 11.117:
- [於]思惟乎尸所 良中疑是隨逐乎尸有叱㢱
- *SO.YU-hoyo-lq PA-akuy UY-i SYU.TYUK-hoyo-l Is-umye
- As there is the following of doubt in that which one reflects
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- Used to introduce a statement being quoted.
- what will, one who will, what to, what is, one who is, etc.; used to nominalize a verb in the future or in a general sense.
Descendants
- Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮 (-(ú)lq, verbal irrealis particle, generally adnominal)
- Korean: 을 (-(eu)l, irrealis adnominal suffix)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
- Korean: 리 (-ri)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 리〮 (-lí)
- ⇒ Korean: 리라 (-rira)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 려〮 (-lyé)
- Korean: 랴 (-rya)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 료〮 (-lyó)
- Korean: 료 (-ryo)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮가〮 (-(ú)lqká)
- Korean: 을까 (-(eu)lkka)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮고〮 (-(ú)lqkwó)
- Korean: 을꼬 (-(eu)lkko)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 으ᇙ〮다〮 (-(ú)lqtá)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮뎬〮 (-(ú)ltyéyn)
- ⇒ Middle Korean: 을〮ᄉᆞ록〮 (-(ú)lsòlwók)
- Korean: 을수록 (-eulsurok)
See also
- 隱 (*-n, realis gerund)
Particle
尸 (*-lq or *-q or *-s)
- A genitive case marker chiefly attested after honored animate nouns.
Usage notes
There is a strong argument that 尸 represents an allomorphic variant of the well-known genitive particle 叱 (*-s) rather than an independent genitive case marker. Middle Korean ㅭ (-lq) and Modern Korean ㄹ (-l) both have the effect of tensing a subsequent consonant. Tensing was also one of the major allomorphs of Middle Korean ㅅ (-s), see ㅅ#Alternative forms, and is virtually the sole effect of Modern Korean ㅅ (-s-). Therefore, Old Korean 尸 was most likely used to denote the tensing effect of 叱 (*-s).
This notion is further supported by the fact that Middle Korean ㅅ (-s) is the regular reflex of 尸. For instance, Old Korean 尸中 (*qkuy, honorific dative marker) > Middle Korean ᄭᅴ (skuy, id.) > Modern Korean 께 (kke, id.)
References
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549
- 장윤희 (Jang Yun-hui) (2011), “석독구결의 속격 "시(尸)"의 문제 해결을 위하여 [For a solution to the problem of genitive 尸 in interpretive gugyeol]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 27, pages 117–144
- Nam Pung-hyun (2012), “Old Korean”, in The Languages of Japan and Korea, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 41–72
- 이병기 (Yi Byeong-gi) (2019), “고대국어 동명사 어미의 문법적 특징과 과제 [The grammatical features of Old Korean verbal nominalizers and further tasks for research]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, DOI:, pages 89–125
Vietnamese
Han character
尸: Hán Nôm readings: thi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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