小說

See also: 小説 and 小说

Chinese

Etymology 1

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	to speak; to say; persuade (politically)
trad. (小說)		小	說
simp. (小说)		小	说

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiǎoshuō
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): siu² syut³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau² sot²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): séu-sot
Min Dong (BUC): siēu-siók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sió-soat / siáu-soat
(Teochew, Peng'im): siou² suêh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): xiau seq (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuō
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuo
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-shuo¹
  - Yale: syǎu-shwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuo
  - Palladius: сяошо (sjaošo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʂwɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoshuōr
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄕㄨㄛㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoshuor
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-shuorh¹
  - Yale: syǎu-shwōr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaushuol
  - Palladius: сяошор (sjaošor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ʂwɔɻ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щёфә (xi͡ofə, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔː⁵¹ fə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: siu² syut³
  - Yale: síu syut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: siu² syt⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xiu² xud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯³⁵ ʃyːt̚³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    小說／小说
    小雪
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhiau² sot²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiau⁵⁵ sᵘɔt̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: séu-sot
  - Hakka Romanization System: seu` sod`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seu³ sod⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /seu̯³¹ sot̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siēu-siók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)luɔʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-soat
  - Tâi-lô: sió-suat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sioysoad
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɕio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáu-soat
  - Tâi-lô: siáu-suat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siawsoad
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ɕiau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ suat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiau⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɕiau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ suat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siou² suêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sióu sueh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siou⁵²⁻³⁵ sueʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xiau seq (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɔ³³ səʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /siᴇu^X ɕiuᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	仙 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	私兆切	失爇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu^X/	/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu^X/	/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu^X/	/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw^X/	/ɕwiat̚/
Li Rong	/siɛu^X/	/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu^X/	/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu^X/	/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo	shuo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu²	syut³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ l̥ot/
(Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ hljod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiǎo	shuō
Middle Chinese	‹ sjew^X ›	‹ sywet ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ewʔ/	/*l̥ot/
English	small	speak, explain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	2/3
No.	13705	2571
Phonetic component	小	兑
Rime group	宵	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	小	說
Old Chinese	/*smewʔ/	/*hljod/
Notes	甲金文象沙而指小，指事字

Noun

小說

fiction (including novels, novellas, short stories and flash fiction) (Classifier: 本; 部)
一本小說／一本小说 ― yī běn xiǎoshuō ― a work of fiction
通俗小說／通俗小说 ― tōngsú xiǎoshuō ― popular fiction
這部電影改編自著名的同名小說。 [MSC, trad.]
这部电影改编自著名的同名小说。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè bù diànyǐng gǎibiān zì zhùmíng de tóngmíng xiǎoshuō. [Pinyin]
The film is adapted from the well-known novel of the same name.
我從來沒有想到他是那本小說的作者。 [MSC, trad.]
我从来没有想到他是那本小说的作者。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ cónglái méiyǒu xiǎngdào tā shì nà běn xiǎoshuō de zuòzhě. [Pinyin]
It never occurred to me that he was the author of that novel.
這部小說反映了一個封建家庭的敗落。 [MSC, trad.]
这部小说反映了一个封建家庭的败落。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè bù xiǎoshuō fǎnyìng le yī ge fēngjiàn jiātíng de bàiluò. [Pinyin]
The novel reflects the decline of a feudal family.
(literary) petty words
- 飾小說以干縣令，其於大達亦遠矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  饰小说以干县令，其于大达亦远矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Shì xiǎoshuō yǐ gān xuánlìng, qí yú dàdá yì yuǎn yǐ. [Pinyin]
  Those who dress up their small tales to obtain favour with the magistrates are far from being men of great understanding
(literary) miscellaneous book (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 小說

中短篇小說／中短篇小说 (zhōngduǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
中篇小說／中篇小说 (zhōngpiān xiǎoshuō)
京本通俗小說／京本通俗小说
偵探小說／侦探小说
反寫實小說／反写实小说
古今小說／古今小说
古典小說／古典小说
同人小說／同人小说 (tóngrén xiǎoshuō)
圖像小說／图像小说 (túxiàng xiǎoshuō)
報告小說／报告小说
大河小說／大河小说
小小說／小小说
小說家／小说家 (xiǎoshuōjiā)
小說集／小说集 (xiǎoshuōjí)
微小說／微小说 (wēixiǎoshuō)
志怪小說／志怪小说
恐怖小說／恐怖小说
推理小說／推理小说
攝影小說／摄影小说
教育小說／教育小说

武俠小說／武侠小说
歷史小說／历史小说
白話小說／白话小说
短篇小說／短篇小说 (duǎnpiān xiǎoshuō)
科幻小說／科幻小说
稗官小說／稗官小说 (bàiguānxiǎoshuō)
章回小說／章回小说 (zhānghuí xiǎoshuō)
筆記小說／笔记小说
翻譯小說／翻译小说
脂粉小說／脂粉小说
色情小說／色情小说
荒謬小說／荒谬小说
視覺小說／视觉小说 (shìjué xiǎoshuō)
言情小說／言情小说 (yánqíng xiǎoshuō)
諢詞小說／诨词小说
譴責小說／谴责小说
輕小說／轻小说 (qīngxiǎoshuō)
長篇小說／长篇小说 (chángpiān xiǎoshuō)
電影小說／电影小说
黃色小說／黄色小说 (huángsè xiǎoshuō)

Related terms

故事 (gùshi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (小說):

→ Japanese: 小(しょう)説(せつ) (shōsetsu)
→ Korean: 소설(小說) (soseol)
→ Vietnamese: tiểu thuyết (小說)

Etymology 2

		small; tiny; few small; tiny; few; young	joy (original character of 悅)
trad. (小說)		小	說
simp. (小说)		小	说

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎoyuè
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎoyuè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎoyuè
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao³-yüeh⁴
  - Yale: syǎu-ywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheauyueh
  - Palladius: сяоюэ (sjaojue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ ɥɛ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /siᴇu^X jiuᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	2/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)	仙 (82)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	私兆切	弋雪切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu^X/	/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu^X/	/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu^X/	/juæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw^X/	/jwiat̚/
Li Rong	/siɛu^X/	/iuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu^X/	/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu^X/	/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎo	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu²	jyut⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ lod/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	小	說
Reading #	1/1	3/3
No.	13705	2577
Phonetic component	小	兑
Rime group	宵	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	小	悅
Old Chinese	/*smewʔ/	/*lod/
Notes	甲金文象沙而指小，指事字

Noun

小說

(literary) little joy

Japanese

Kanji in this term
小	說
しょう Grade: 1	せつ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

小(しょう)說(せつ) • (shōsetsu) (kyūjitai, shinjitai 小説)

Kyūjitai form of 小説 (“novel; story; fiction”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
小	說

Noun

小說 • (soseol) (hangeul 소설)

Hanja form^? of 소설 (“fiction, fictional literature”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
小	說

Noun

小說

chữ Hán form of tiểu thuyết (“novel”).