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单词 小さい
释义

小さい

Japanese

See also 小さな
Kanji in this term
ちい
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Etymology

/tipisasi//tifisasi//t͡ɕihisaɕi//t͡ɕiːsaɕi//t͡ɕiːsai/

Ultimate derivation uncertain.

The initial chi element appears in other words with similar meanings of small, such as ちょっと (chotto, a little bit, adverb), from ちっと (chitto), from even earlier ちと (chito).

Possibly related to ちび (chibi, small and round, often with overtones of cuteness), itself apparently derived from (tsubu, small round thing, such as a grain of rice).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) いさ [chìísáꜜì] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3]
    • IPA(key): [t͡ɕiːsa̠i]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "小さい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)小さくいさく
いさ
[chíꜜìsàkù]
[chìísáꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)小さいいさ[chìísáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)小さいいさ[chìísáꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative小さくないいさくない
いさくない
[chíꜜìsàkùnàì]
[chìísáꜜkùnàì]
Informal past小さかったいさかった
いさかった
[chíꜜìsàkàttà]
[chìísáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past小さくなかったいさくなかった
いさくなかった
[chíꜜìsàkùnàkàttà]
[chìísáꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal小さいですいさいです[chìísáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive小さくていさくて
いさくて
[chíꜜìsàkùtè]
[chìísáꜜkùtè]
Conditional小さければいさければ
いさければ
[chíꜜìsàkèrèbà]
[chìísáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(ちい)さい (chīsai) ちひさい (tifisai)? -i (adverbial (ちい)さく (chīsaku))

  1. (of size or amount) small, little, tiny
    • 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan:
      text
      (きょう)()(ふた)()だ。(おお)きい(やつ)と、(ちい)さい(やつ)だ。
      Kyōshi wa futari da. Ōkii yatsu to, chīsai yatsu da.
      There were two teachers. A big one, and a little one.
  2. (of age) young, little

Usage notes

As an adjective directly modifying a noun, may be used largely interchangeably with 小さな (chīsana), the -na adjective form. In predicative use, only 小さい (chīsai) may be used: あれ*小さ (are wa *chīsa da) is incorrect grammar.

Inflection

Antonyms

  • (おお)きい (ōkii)

Derived terms

  • ()っちゃい (chitchai)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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