對
See also: 对 and 対
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
| Traditional | 對 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai | 対 |
| Simplified | 对 |
Han character
對 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿土木戈 (TGDI), four-corner 34100, composition ⿰⿱业𦍌寸)
Derived characters
- 𠏮, 嚉, 㠚, 㦠, 𢷮, 濧, 𨘗, 㬣, 𣝉, 襨, 𦆹, 譵, 𨆷, 轛, 鑆, 𣌒, 𩟡, 𩼷, 薱, 䨴, 𤻫, 懟, 𨮝, 𩼸
Related characters
- 対 (Japanese shinjitai)
- 对 (Simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 296, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7457
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 511, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5C0D
Chinese
| trad. | 對 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 对 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 對 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
 |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (對) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 對 | *tuːbs |
| 轛 | *tuːbs, *tubs |
| 薱 | *duːbs |
| 濧 | *duːbs |
| 懟 | *dubs |
In the oracle bone and bronze scripts, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 丵 (“tool for digging”) + 土 (“earth”) + 又 (“hand”). The original meaning of the character is unclear, but it may be “to develop (land)”. It was later borrowed for “to reply”. Compare 封, 邦.
In the seal script, 又 has become the related 寸. Shuowen has two seal script forms for this character: 𡭊 (main form) and 對 (alternative form). The main form, which has a 口 (“mouth”), was probably created to specialize the character to signify “to reply”, but this form was not inherited in later scripts. Shuowen interprets the latter form (shown above) as a form that Emperor Wen of Han created by replacing 口 with 士 (“soldier; warrior”) because many of the replies were untruthful (just lip service), but it is more likely that 士 is a corruption of 土.
Etymology
Exoactive of 答 (OC *tkuːb, “to reply; to answer”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
對
- correct; true; right
- 對啊！／对啊！ ― Duì a! ― Correct!
- 你說對了。／你说对了。 ― Nǐ shuō duì le. ― You're right.
- Synonyms: 不錯／不错 (bùcuò), 沒錯／没错 (méicuò), 冇錯／冇错 (Cantonese)
- Antonym: 錯／错 (cuò)
- to treat; to deal with; to take on
- 對症下藥／对症下药 ― duìzhèngxiàyào ― to prescribe the right medicine for an illness
- 對事不對人／对事不对人 ― duì shì bù duì rén ― to concern oneself with acts and not with individuals (when settling an issue)
- 你怎麼對人家，人家就怎麼對你。 [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ zěnme duì rénjiā, rénjiā jiù zěnme duì nǐ. [Pinyin]
- Others treat you the way you treat them.
你怎么对人家，人家就怎么对你。 [MSC, simp.]- 刀對刀，槍對槍／刀对刀，枪对枪 ― dāo duì dāo, qiāng duì qiāng ― sword against sword; spear against spear
- 廣東隊對香港隊／广东队对香港队 ― Guǎngdōng duì duì Xiānggǎng duì ― Guangdong competes against Hong Kong
- (introducing the recipient of the action) towards; to
- Synonym: 向 (xiàng)
- 你對他說了些什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ duì tā shuō le xiē shénme? [Pinyin]
- What did you say to him?
你对他说了些什么？ [MSC, simp.]- 從不對困難低頭／从不对困难低头 ― cóng bù duì kùnnán dītóu ― to never yield to difficulties
- to; with regard to; concerning
- 大家對你完全信任。 [MSC, trad.]
- Dàjiā duì nǐ wánquán xìnrèn. [Pinyin]
- Everyone has complete faith in you.
大家对你完全信任。 [MSC, simp.]- 你為什麼對他那麼好？ [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ wèishénme duì tā nàme hǎo? [Pinyin]
- Why do you treat him so well?
你为什么对他那么好？ [MSC, simp.]- 多吃蔬菜對身體好。 [MSC, trad.]
- Duō chī shūcài duì shēntǐ hǎo. [Pinyin]
- Eating more vegetables is good for the body.
多吃蔬菜对身体好。 [MSC, simp.]- 你對什麼藥物過敏嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ duì shénme yàowù guòmǐn ma? [Pinyin]
- Are you allergic to any medications?
你对什么药物过敏吗？ [MSC, simp.]- 你對這件事有什麼看法？ [MSC, trad.]
- Nǐ duì zhè jiàn shì yǒu shénme kànfǎ? [Pinyin]
- What are your views on this issue?
你对这件事有什么看法？ [MSC, simp.]- 佢對噉嘅嘢冇咩興趣嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- keoi5 deoi3 gam2 ge3 je5 mou5 me1 hing1 ceoi3 ge3. [Jyutping]
- He doesn't have interest in that sort of thing.
佢对噉嘅嘢冇咩兴趣嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
- 1982, 許冠傑 (lyrics), “難忘您”, in 難忘您·紙船, performed by 許冠傑:
- 難忘妳對我那種體貼入微 時時刻刻腦海中都緊記 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
- naan4 mong4 nei5 deoi3 ngo5 naa5 zung2 tai2 tip3 jap6 mei4, si4 si4 hak1 hak1 nou5 hoi2 zung1 dou1 gan2 gei3 [Jyutping]
- I can't forget that attention you gave me; it's still stuck fast in my mind all the time
难忘你对我那种体贴入微 时时刻刻脑海中都紧记 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
- according to; for
- 這個成績對我來說已經很好了。 [MSC, trad.]
- Zhè ge chéngjì duì wǒ lái shuō yǐjīng hěn hǎo le. [Pinyin]
- For me, this result is already very good.
这个成绩对我来说已经很好了。 [MSC, simp.]
- opposite; opposing
- 對岸／对岸 ― duì'àn ― opposite bank; opposite shore
- 對方／对方 ― duìfāng ― other party
- 對手／对手 ― duìshǒu ― opponent
- to face
- 對著鏡子微笑／对着镜子微笑 ― duì zhe jìngzǐ wēixiào ― to smile at the mirror
- 窗戶對著馬路。／窗户对着马路。 ― Chuānghù duì zhe mǎlù. ― The window faces the road.
- 把槍口對準敵人／把枪口对准敌人 ― bǎ qiāngkǒu duìzhǔn dírén ― to aim the gun at the enemy
- paired; contrasting
- 對調／对调 ― duìdiào ― to swap
- 對立／对立 ― duìlì ― to be in opposition to
- 對照／对照 ― duìzhào ― a comparison; to contrast
- 中日對譯／中日对译 ― zhōngrì duìyì ― Chinese-Japanese bilingual text
- to suit; to fit
- 對心思／对心思 ― duì xīnsī ― to think the same
- to match; to cause two things to match
- 對對子／对对子 ― duì duìzǐ ― to match an antithetical phrase
- 對不上／对不上 ― duì bùshàng ― does not match
- to respond; to answer
- 無言以對／无言以对 ― wúyányǐduì ― to be left speechless; to be unable to respond
- 冉子退朝。子曰：「何晏也？」對曰：「有政。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Rǎnzǐ tuìcháo. Zǐ yuē: “Hé yàn yě?” Duì yuē: “Yǒu zhèng.” [Pinyin]
- The disciple Ran returning from the court, the Master said to him, "How are you so late?" He replied, "We had government business."
冉子退朝。子曰：“何晏也？”对曰：“有政。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to check by comparing; to verify by comparing
- 對答案／对答案 ― duì dá'àn ― to check answers
- 對筆跡／对笔迹 ― duì bǐjì ― to compare signatures
- 對賬／对账 ― duìzhàng ― to check bills
- to adjust; to set
- to mix; to add
- 二哥正跟小六兒往酒裡對水。為省錢，他打了很少的酒，所以得設法使這一點酒取之不盡，用之不竭。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1960s [2019], Lao She, 正紅旗下, Beijing: 北京联合出版公司, →ISBN, p. 59
- Èrgē zhèng gēn xiǎo liùr wǎng jiǔ lǐ duì shuǐ. Wèi shěngqián, tā dǎ le hěn shào de jiǔ, suǒyǐ děi shèfǎ shǐ zhè yīdiǎn jiǔ qǔzhībùjìn, yòngzhībùjié. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
二哥正跟小六儿往酒里对水。为省钱，他打了很少的酒，所以得设法使这一点酒取之不尽，用之不竭。 [MSC, simp.]
- to divide in half
- couplet
- Classifier for pairs of objects: pair
- 一對夫婦／一对夫妇 ― yī duì fūfù ― a couple
- 兩對鞋／两对鞋 [Cantonese] ― loeng5 deoi3 haai4 [Jyutping] ― two pairs of shoes
- 一對燕子／一对燕子 ― yī duì yànzi ― a pair of swallows
- (Min Nan) from
- 我對基隆來。／我对基隆来。 [Hokkien] ― Góa tùi Ke-lâng lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― I come from Keelung.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 對 (“correct”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 是 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正確 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 對 |
| Taiwan | 對 | |
| Tianjin | 對 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 對 | |
| Jinan | 對 | |
| Wanrong | 對 | |
| Xi'an | 對 | |
| Yinchuan | 對 | |
| Ürümqi | 對 | |
| Wuhan | 對 | |
| Chengdu | 對 | |
| Guiyang | 對 | |
| Guilin | 對 | |
| Yangzhou | 對 | |
| Hefei | 對 | |
| Malaysia | 對 | |
| Singapore | 對 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 啱 |
| Hong Kong | 啱 | |
| Taishan | 啱 | |
| Yangjiang | 著, 啱 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 啱 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 啱 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 對 |
| Lichuan | 對 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 著, 啱 |
| Xingning | 著 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 著 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 著 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 著 | |
| Changting | 著 | |
| Wuping | 著 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 著 | |
| Liancheng | 著 | |
| Ninghua | 著 | |
| Ruijin | 著 | |
| Shicheng | 著 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 著 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 著 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 著 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 著 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 著 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 著 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 著 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 著 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 對 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 對 |
| Xinzhou | 對 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 對, 𣍐錯 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 著, 無綻 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 著 |
| Quanzhou | 著 | |
| Zhangzhou | 著 | |
| Zhao'an | 著 | |
| Taipei | 著 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 著 | |
| Kaohsiung | 著 | |
| Yilan | 著 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 著 | |
| Taichung | 著 | |
| Tainan | 著 | |
| Hsinchu | 著 | |
| Kinmen | 著 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 著 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 著 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 著 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 著 | |
| Chaozhou | 著 | |
| Shantou | 對, 著 | |
| Jieyang | 對, 著 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 著 | |
| Batam (Teochew) | 著 | |
| Wenchang | 著 | |
| Haikou | 著 | |
| Qionghai | 著 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 著 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 對 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 對 |
| Suzhou | 對 | |
| Danyang | 對 | |
| Hangzhou | 對 | |
| Ningbo | 𣍐錯, 對 | |
| Wenzhou | 對 | |
| Jinhua | 對 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 對 |
| Shuangfeng | 對, 是 | |
- (pair): (Cantonese) 啤 (pe1)
Dialectal synonyms of 雙 (“pair (of shoes)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 雙 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 雙 |
| Taiwan | 雙 | |
| Jinan | 雙 | |
| Xi'an | 雙 | |
| Wuhan | 雙 | |
| Chengdu | 雙 | |
| Guilin | 雙 | |
| Yangzhou | 雙 | |
| Hefei | 雙 | |
| Malaysia | 雙 | |
| Singapore | 雙 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 對 |
| Hong Kong | 對 | |
| Yangjiang | 對 | |
| Nanning | 對 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 雙 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 雙 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 雙 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 雙 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 雙 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 雙 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 雙 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 雙 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 雙, 對 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 雙 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 雙 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 雙 |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 雙 | |
| Chaozhou | 雙 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 雙 |
| Wenzhou | 雙 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 雙 |
| Shuangfeng | 雙 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 對
|
|
|
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (對):
- → Japanese: 対 (tai); 対 (tsui)
- → Korean: 대(對) (dae)
- → Vietnamese: đối (對)
Others:
- → Ai-Cham: toi⁵
- → Vietnamese: đôi (“double”)
Further reading
- “Entry #10475”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Shinjitai | 対 |
Kyūjitai | 對 |
Kanji
對
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 対)
- correct, right
- facing, opposed
Readings
- Go-on: たい (tai)
- Kan-on: たい (tai)
- Tō-on: つい (tsui)←つゐ (tuwi, historical)
- Kun: あいて (aite, 對)←あひて (afite, historical); こたえる (kotaeru, 對える)←こたへる (kotaferu, historical); そろい (soroi, 對い)←そろひ (sorofi, historical); つれあい (tsureai, 對い)←つれあひ (tureafi, historical); ならぶ (narabu, 對ぶ); むかう (mukau, 對かう)←むかふ (mukafu, historical)
- Nanori: つし (tsushi)
Korean
Alternative forms
- 対 (対)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 對 (MC tuʌiH).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 됭〮 (Yale: twóy) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | ᄧᅡᆨ (Yale: pcàk) | ᄃᆡ〯 (Yale: tǒy) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɛ(ː)] ~ [te̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [대(ː)/데(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource對 (eumhun 대할 대 (daehal dae))
- Hanja form? of 대 (“to answer; to reply”). [affix]
- Hanja form? of 대 (“to face; to confront”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
- Hanja form? of 대 (“to be about; to concern”). [verbal root; prefix; affix]
- Hanja form? of 대 (“pair; contrasting pair”). [noun; affix]
- Hanja form? of 대 (“versus”). [noun]
- Hanja form? of 대 (“opponent; counterpart; opposite; contrasting”). [affix]
Compounds
Compounds
- 대가 (對價, daega)
- 대각 (對角, daegak)
- 대강 (對講, daegang)
- 대객 (對客, daegaek)
- 대격 (對格, daegyeok)
- 대견 (對見, daegyeon)
- 대결 (對決, daegyeol)
- 대경 (對境, daegyeong)
- 대공 (對共, daegong)
- 대공 (對空, daegong)
- 대교 (對校, daegyo)
- 대구 (對句, daegu)
- 대국 (對局, daeguk)
- 대극 (對極, daegeuk)
- 대기 (對機, daegi)
- 대남 (對南, daenam)
- 대내 (對內, daenae)
- 대담 (對談, daedam)
- 대답 (對答, daedap)
- 대두 (對頭, daedu)
- 대등 (對等, daedeung)
- 대련 (對聯, daeryeon)
- 대련 (對鍊, daeryeon)
- 대례 (對禮, daerye)
- 대론 (對論, daeron)
- 대류 (對流, daeryu)
- 대리 (對理, daeri)
- 대립 (對立, daerip)
- 대면 (對面, daemyeon)
- 대무 (對舞, daemu)
- 대물 (對物, daemul)
- 대미 (對美, daemi)
- 대변 (對辨, daebyeon)
- 대변 (對辯, daebyeon)
- 대변 (對邊, daebyeon)
- 대북 (對北, daebuk)
- 대비 (對備, daebi)
- 대비 (對比, daebi)
- 대상 (對象, daesang)
- 대생 (對生, daesaeng)
- 대석 (對席, daeseok)
- 대석 (對石, daeseok)
- 대소 (對訴, daeso)
- 대수 (對手, daesu)
- 대수 (對數, daesu)
- 대식 (對食, daesik)
- 대심 (對審, daesim)
- 대안 (對案, daean)
- 대안 (對顔, daean)
- 대양 (對揚, daeyang)
- 대어 (對語, daeeo)
- 대언 (對言, daeeon)
- 대역 (對譯, daeyeok)
- 대역 (對驛, daeyeok)
- 대영 (對英, daeyeong)
- 대외 (對外, dae'oe)
- 대우 (對偶, dae'u)
- 대음 (對飮, daeeum)
- 대응 (對應, daeeung)
- 대의 (對義, dae'ui)
- 대인 (對人, daein)
- 대일 (對日, daeil)
- 대작 (對酌, daejak)
- 대적 (對敵, daejeok)
- 대전 (對戰, daejeon)
- 대점 (對點, daejeom)
- 대조 (對照, daejo)
- 대좌 (對坐, daejwa)
- 대좌 (對座, daejwa)
- 대중 (對中, daejung)
- 대증 (對症, daejeung)
- 대증 (對證, daejeung)
- 대지 (對地, daeji)
- 대지 (對持, daeji)
- 대진 (對陳, daejin)
- 대질 (對質, daejil)
- 대창 (對唱, daechang)
- 대책 (對策, daechaek)
- 대처 (對處, daecheo)
- 대척 (對蹠, daecheok)
- 대체 (對替, daeche)
- 대충 (對沖, daechung)
- 대치 (對峙, daechi)
- 대치 (對置, daechi)
- 대칭 (對稱, daeching)
- 대폭 (對幅, daepok)
- 대한 (對韓, daehan)
- 대항 (對抗, daehang)
- 대향 (對向, daehyang)
- 대화 (對話, daehwa)
- 감대 (監對, gamdae)
- 면대 (面對, myeondae)
- 반대 (反對, bandae)
- 변대 (辨對, byeondae)
- 빈대 (賓對, bindae)
- 상대 (相對, sangdae)
- 쌍대 (雙對, ssangdae)
- 안대 (案對, andae)
- 역대 (力對, yeokdae)
- 우대 (偶對, udae)
- 윤대 (輪對, yundae)
- 응대 (應對, eungdae)
- 일대 (一對, ildae)
- 적대 (敵對, jeokdae)
- 절대 (絕對, jeoldae)
- 접대 (接對, jeopdae)
- 대공전 (對空戰, daegongjeon)
- 대공포 (對空砲, daegongpo)
- 대구법 (對句法, daegubeop)
- 대내적 (對內的, daenaejeok)
- 대등법 (對等法, daedeungbeop)
- 대등형 (對等形, daedeunghyeong)
- 대류권 (對流圈, daeryugwon)
- 대립적 (對立的, daeripjeok)
- 대물경 (對物鏡, daemulgyeong)
- 대비책 (對備策, daebichaek)
- 대상물 (對象物, daesangmul)
- 대상자 (對象者, daesangja)
- 대상지 (對象地, daesangji)
- 대수표 (對數表, daesupyo)
- 대외비 (對外秘, dae'oebi)
- 대외적 (對外的, dae'oejeok)
- 대우법 (對偶法, dae'ubeop)
- 대위법 (對位法, daewibeop)
- 대응각 (對應角, daeeunggak)
- 대응점 (對應點, daeeungjeom)
- 대응책 (對應策, daeeungchaek)
- 대전료 (對戰料, daejeollyo)
- 대전표 (對戰表, daejeonpyo)
- 대조법 (對照法, daejobeop)
- 대조적 (對照的, daejojeok)
- 대진표 (對陳表, daejinpyo)
- 대척자 (對蹠者, daecheokja)
- 대척적 (對蹠的, daecheokjeok)
- 대척점 (對蹠點, daecheokjeom)
- 대칭률 (對稱律, daechingnyul)
- 대칭적 (對稱的, daechingjeok)
- 대칭축 (對稱軸, daechingchuk)
- 대화문 (對話文, daehwamun)
- 대화방 (對話房, daehwabang)
- 대화자 (對話者, daehwaja)
- 대화체 (對話體, daehwache)
- 내대각 (內對角, naedaegak)
- 비대칭 (非對稱, bidaeching)
- 선대칭 (線對稱, seondaeching)
- 역대응 (逆對應, yeokdaeeung)
- 일대일 (一對一, ildaeil)
- 점대칭 (點對稱, jeomdaeching)
- 대외관계 (對外關係, dae'oegwan'gye)
- 대외무역 (對外貿易, dae'oemuyeok)
- 대인관계 (對人關係, daein'gwan'gye)
- 대전차포 (對戰車砲, daejeonchapo)
- 동시대비 (同時對比, dongsidaebi)
- 삼자대면 (三者對面, samjadaemyeon)
- 대차대조표 (貸借對照表, daechadaejopyo)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
對: Hán Nôm readings: đỗi, dối, đôi, đối, nhói, tối, tụi
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