將相

Chinese

		a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready a general; (will, shall, "future tense"); ready; prepared; to get; to use	each other; appearance; portrait each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually
trad. (將相)		將	相
simp. (将相)		将	相

Etymology

Attested earliest in Mozi:

雖至士之為將相者，皆有法，雖至百工從事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

虽至士之为将相者，皆有法，虽至百工从事者，亦皆有法。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version

Suī zhì shì zhī wéi jiàngxiàng zhě, jiē yǒu fǎ, suī zhì bǎigōng cóngshì zhě, yì jiē yǒu fǎ. [Pinyin]

The gentlemen fulfilling their duties as generals and councillors have their standards. Even the artisans performing their tasks also have their standards.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàngxiàng
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng³ soeng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngxiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngsiàng
  - Wade–Giles: chiang⁴-hsiang⁴
  - Yale: jyàng-syàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqshianq
  - Palladius: цзянсян (czjansjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕjɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng³ soeng³
  - Yale: jeung seung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng³ soeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng³ sêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœːŋ³³ sœːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sɨɐŋ^H sɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子亮切	息亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨɐŋ^H/	/sɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɐŋ^H/	/siɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡siɑŋ^H/	/siɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨaŋ^H/	/sɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siaŋ^H/	/siaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭaŋ^H/	/sĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯aŋ^H/	/si̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàng	xiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng³	soeng³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]aŋ-s [s]aŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsaŋs slaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàng	xiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjang^H ›	‹ sjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]aŋ-s/	/*[s]aŋ-s/
English	lead (v.); leader	appearance, quality
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	將	相
Reading #	2/2	2/2
No.	10294	13586
Phonetic component	爿	相
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	醬	相
Old Chinese	/*ʔsaŋs/	/*slaŋs/

Noun

將相

(literary) generals and councillors; military officers and civil officials
- 將相之後主而隆家，此君人者所外也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  将相之后主而隆家，此君人者所外也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE
  Jiàngxiàng zhī hòu zhǔ ér lóng jiā, cǐ jūnrén zhě suǒ wài yě. [Pinyin]
  Generals and ministers who would leave the sovereign's interests behind and prosper the welfare of their own families instead should be ousted by the ruler of men.
- 正月，諸侯及將相相與共請尊漢王為皇帝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  正月，诸侯及将相相与共请尊汉王为皇帝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Zhēngyuè, zhūhóu jí jiàngxiàng xiāng yǔgòng qǐng zūn Hànwáng wèi huángdì. [Pinyin]
  In the first month, the various vassals together with the generals and councillors jointly entreated that the King of Han be inaugurated as Emperor.