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单词 寸
释义

寸

See also: 手 and 吋
寸 U+5BF8, 寸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BF8
← 寷
[U+5BF7]		CJK Unified Ideographs对 →
[U+5BF9]
⼨ U+2F28, ⼨
KANGXI RADICAL INCH
← ⼧
[U+2F27]		Kangxi Radicals⼩ →
[U+2F29]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

寸 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 木戈 (DI), four-corner 40300, composition ⿹𬺰丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #41, ⼨.

Derived characters

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/寸
  • 付, 吋, 𢁜, 忖, 𢩭, 𰛇, 𤜮, 过, 时, 村, 𬉴, 肘, 𥘑, 𤰥, 𬑺, 衬, 籿, 紂(纣), 耐, 䖞, 𫵛, 䙸, 討(讨), 𧲣, 𧴫, 𧺘, 𫏀, 𨊭, 酎, 屗, 𨥇, 𩈃, 𠷻, 𢰙, 𭹝, 𩲅, 𪡮, 𬶾, 𮮿, 𣟑
  • 刌, 𨙯, 夺, 守, 𬁟, 𬂝, 𰛋, 𥃷, 𮄧, 䒭, 𦏽, 𦥘, 䙷, 𮙮, 辱, 𡨎, 奪, 𫷦, 疛, 団, 埓, 㷉, 𡁷

Descendants

  • す

References

  • KangXi: page 293, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7411
  • Dae Jaweon: page 581, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 503, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5BF8

Chinese

simp. and trad.
寸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寸
Western ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptionsQin slip scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (寸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
村*sʰuːn
忖*sʰuːnʔ
刌*sʰuːnʔ
寸*sʰuːns

Ideogram (指事) – a position on the forearm where the pulse can be palpated by compressing the radial artery. It is called 寸口 in modern Chinese, and the meaning of a unit of measurement is derived from the distance between the wrist and this position. Compare 又, 手, 九, 爪.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): cùn (cun4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄣˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): cen4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): цун (cun, III)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun3
  • Gan (Wiktionary): cun3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhun
    (Meixian, Guangdong): cun4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): cung3
  • Min Bei (KCR): cho̿ng
  • Min Dong (BUC): chóng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhùn / chhǹg
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cung3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tshen (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): cen4
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cùn
      • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄣˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cùn
      • Wade–Giles: tsʻun4
      • Yale: tswùn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuenn
      • Palladius: цунь (cunʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰwən⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: cen4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰən²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: цун (cun, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: cyun3
      • Yale: chyun
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn3
      • Guangdong Romanization: qun3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ʃʰyːn³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: cun3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰun²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhun
      • Hakka Romanization System: cun
      • Hagfa Pinyim: cun4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: cun4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: cung3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰũŋ⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cho̿ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chóng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰouŋ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhùn
      • Tâi-lô: tshùn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuxn
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun¹¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
      • Tâi-lô: tshǹg
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/
Note:
  • chhùn - literary;
  • chhǹg - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cung3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshùng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tshen (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəɲ³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: cen4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰuənH/
Rime
Character寸
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)魂 (55)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)I
Fanqie倉困切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰuənH/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰuonH/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰuənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰwənH/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰuənH/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰuənH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰuənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		cùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		cyun3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤu[n]-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰuːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character寸
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		cùn
Middle
Chinese		‹ tshwonH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[tsʰ]ˁu[n]-s/
Englishthumb; inch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character寸
Reading #1/1
No.1913
Phonetic
component		寸
Rime
group		文
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		寸
Old
Chinese		/*sʰuːns/

Definitions

寸

  1. (units of measure) A cun or Chinese inch, a traditional unit of length of about 3 cm.
    1. (Mainland China) Short for 市寸 (shìcùn).
    2. (Hong Kong) Legally defined as the tsun of 3.71475 cm.
  2. (informal) Short for 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”).
  3. (figurative) very short or little
  4. (traditional Chinese medicine) cunkou pulse; radial artery pulse at the wrist
  5. (Mandarin, colloquial) coincidental; unbelievable; opportune
  6. a surname
Coordinate terms
  • 分 (fēn, “1⁄10 cun”)
  • 尺 (chǐ, “10 cun”)

Compounds

Derived terms from 寸

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (寸):
  • → Japanese: 寸(すん) (sun)
  • → Korean: 촌(寸) (chon)
  • → Vietnamese: thốn (寸)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 寸 – see 忖 (“to ponder; to speculate; guess, suppose, conjecture”).
(This character, 寸, is a variant form of 忖.)

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): cyun3
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: cyun3
      • Yale: chyun
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsyn3
      • Guangdong Romanization: qun3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ʃʰyːn³³/

Definitions

寸

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 串.

References

  • “寸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

寸

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: すん (sun, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: そん (son)
  • Kun: き (ki)
  • Nanori: す (su); みき (miki)

Compounds

Derived terms
  • 寸寸(ずたずた) (zutazuta)
  • 寸胴(ずんどう) (zundō)
  • 一寸(ちょっと) (chotto)
  • 燐寸(マッチ) (matchi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
寸
すん
Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC t͡sʰuənH).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) す​ん [súꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sɨ̃ᵝɴ]

Noun

寸(すん) • (sun) 

  1. a Japanese measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm
  2. (by extension) a length, measurement
  3. shortness, fewness
  4. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Coordinate terms
  • 分(ぶ) (bu)
  • 尺(しゃく) (shaku)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 一(いっ)寸(すん) (issun)
  • 二(に)寸(すん) (nisun)
  • 三(さん)寸(ずん) (sanzun)
  • 四(し)寸(すん) (shisun)
  • 五(ご)寸(すん) (gosun)
  • 六(ろく)寸(すん) (rokusun)
  • 七(なな)寸(すん) (nanasun)
  • 八(はっ)寸(すん) (hassun)
  • 九(きゅう)寸(すん) (kyūsun)
  • 十(じゅっ)寸(すん) (jussun)
Descendants
  • English: sun

Affix

寸(すん) • (sun) 

  1. sun (measurement of length)
  2. (by extension) length, measurement
  3. minimal, negligible
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 寸(すん)寸(ずん) (sunzun)
  • 寸(すん)陰(いん) (sun'in)
  • 寸(すん)暇(か) (sunka)
  • 寸(すん)志(し) (sunshi)
  • 寸(すん)時(じ) (sunji)
  • 寸(すん)借(しゃく) (sunshaku)
  • 寸(すん)尺(しゃく) (sunshaku)
  • 寸(すん)前(ぜん) (sunzen)
  • 寸(すん)断(だん) (sundan)
  • 寸(すん)評(ぴょう) (sunpyō)
  • 寸(すん)法(ぽう) (sunpō)
  • 原(げん)寸(すん) (gensun)
  • 同(どう)寸(すん) (dōsun)
  • 方(ほう)寸(すん) (hōsun)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
寸
き
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Suffix

寸(き) • (-ki) 

  1. (archaic) unit used in ancient times to measure lengths of horses
Derived terms
  • 八(や)寸(き) (yaki)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 寸 (MC t͡sʰuənH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448촌〮 (Yale: chwón)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527ᄆᆞᄃᆡ (Yale: mòtòy)촌〯 (Yale: chwǒn)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [촌(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource寸 (eumhun 마디 촌 (madi chon))

  1. Hanja form? of 촌 (“degree of kinship”). [noun]

Compounds

Compounds
  • 삼촌 (三寸, samchon)
  • 사촌 (四寸, sachon)
  • 오촌 (五寸, ochon)
  • 육촌 (六寸, yukchon)
  • 촌지 (寸志, chonji)
  • 촌수 (寸數, chonsu, “number of degrees of kinship”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Kanji

寸

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • On: しん (shin)←すぃん (sin, historical)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
寸
しん
Grade: 6
on’yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 寸 (sun).

Pronunciation

  • (Shuri-Naha) し​ん [shíꜜn] (Kakō - [1])
  • IPA(key): [ɕiɴ]

Noun

寸 (hiragana しん, rōmaji shin, historical hiragana すぃん)

  1. a measurement of length equivalent to 10 分 (bu) or approximately 3.03 cm

Coordinate terms

  • 分 (ぶ) (bu)
  • 尺 (しゃく) (shaku)

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • 一 (いっ)寸 (しん) (isshin)
  • 六 (るく)寸 (しん) (rukushin)
  • 八 (はっ)寸 (しん) (hasshin)

Old Japanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

寸 (-ki(?)) (kana き)

  1. ancient measurement of length equivalent to the modern Japanese sun or approximately 3.03 cm

Descendants

  • Japanese: 寸 (-ki)

Vietnamese

Han character

寸: Hán Việt readings: thốn[1][2][3][4][5][6]
寸: Nôm readings: thốn[1][2][3], xốn[2][3], thổn[1], dón[3], són[3], thuỗn[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of thốn (“cun, a unit of length”).

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Trần (1999).
  5. Nguyễn (1974).
  6. Thiều Chửu (1942).
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