寶馬

寶馬

See also: 宝马

Chinese

		a jewel or gem; a treasure; precious	horse; surname
trad. (寶馬)		寶	馬
simp. (宝马)		宝	马
anagram		馬寶／马宝

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎomǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² maa⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎomǎ
    • Wade–Giles: pao³-ma³
    • Yale: bǎu-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baomaa
    • Palladius: баома (baoma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou² maa⁵
    • Yale: bóu máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou² maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou² ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /pɑu^X  mˠa^X/

Rime
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	博抱切	莫下切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑuX/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑuX/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑuX/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pawX/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/pɑuX/	/maX/
Wang Li	/pɑuX/	/maX/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɑuX/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou2	maa5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ  mˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ  mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎo	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ pawX ›	‹ mæX ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁuʔ/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	precious thing	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寶	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3264	8715
Phonetic component	缶	馬
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	寶	馬
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

寶馬

1. precious horse; treasure horse

   • 貳師馬，宛寶馬也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     贰师马，宛宝马也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Èrshī mǎ, Wǎn bǎomǎ yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

寶馬香車／宝马香车

香車寶馬／香车宝马

Etymology 2

The vehicle brand is a Phono-semantic matching of German BMW (寶／宝 (bǎo) and 馬／马 (mǎ) also have same respective initial sounds as English 'B' and 'W'). The name was introduced when the brand entered Hong Kong market in 1968. The term itself refers to a form of transportation used by aristocrats, which was cited by Xin Qiji's poem in 青玉案.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Bǎomǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² maa⁵
• Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): bo² bhê²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Bǎomǎ [Phonetic: báomǎ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Bǎomǎ
    • Wade–Giles: Pao³-ma³
    • Yale: Bǎu-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Baomaa
    • Palladius: Баома (Baoma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou² maa⁵
    • Yale: bóu máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou² maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou² ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ maː¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo² bhê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó bé
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ be⁵²⁻²¹/

Proper noun

寶馬

1. (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) BMW (automotive brand, including car, motorcycle)

Synonyms

• (Taiwanese Hokkien) 米奶