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单词 實
释义

實

See also: 实 and 実
實 U+5BE6, 實
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE6
← 寥
[U+5BE5]		CJK Unified Ideographs寧 →
[U+5BE7]

Translingual

Traditional實
Shinjitai実
Simplified实

Han character

實 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十田十金 (JWJC), four-corner 30806, composition ⿱宀貫)

Derived characters

  • 𡁃, 𤁂, 𪴎, 𫍒, 𮩱, 𧁐
  • 実 (Japanese shinjitai)
  • 实 (Simplified Chinese)

References

  • KangXi: page 291, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 575, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 952, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5BE6

Chinese

trad.實
simp.实
alternative forms𡧑

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof”) + 周 (“carved jade”) + 貝／贝 (“shellfish; cowrie”).

The two lower components of 周 and 貝 had combined to form 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “string of cowries”), hence the incorrect analysis in Shuowen Jiezi of this character as 宀 + 貫／贯.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): shí (shi2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): si2
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): sat6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sit5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): siit6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sed6
  • Min Bei (KCR): sĭ
  • Min Dong (BUC): sĭk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): cha̍t / si̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig8
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zeq (T5)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shí
      • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
      • Wade–Giles: shih2
      • Yale: shŕ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
      • Palladius: ши (ši)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: si2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: s
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sz̩²¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sat6
      • Yale: saht
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sat9
      • Guangdong Romanization: sed6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɐt̚²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: sit5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sit̚³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: siit6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɨt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍t
      • Hakka Romanization System: siid
      • Hagfa Pinyim: sid6
      • Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: sed6
      • Sinological IPA: /sət̚⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siʔ⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍t
      • Tâi-lô: tsa̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zat
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sat̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sat̚²⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sat̚⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
      • Tâi-lô: si̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sit
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕit̚⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕit̚¹²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ɕit̚²⁴/
Note:
  • cha̍t - vernacular;
  • si̍t - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: sig8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: si̍k
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sik̚⁴/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zeq (T5)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥əʔ¹²/
  • Middle Chinese: /ʑiɪt̚/
Rime
Character實
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)船 (27)
Final (韻)眞 (48)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie神質切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ʑiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ʑit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/ʑjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ʑit̚/
Li
Rong		/d͡ʑiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		/d͡ʑĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sat6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə.li[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦliɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character實
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shí
Middle
Chinese		‹ zyit ›
Old
Chinese		/*mə.li[t]/
Englishfruit; full

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character實
Reading #1/1
No.11481
Phonetic
component		實
Rime
group		質
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		實
Old
Chinese		/*ɦliɡ/

Definitions

實

  1. full; fulfilled; substantial; rich
    充實／充实  ―  chōngshí  ―  substantial
    • 倉廩實，則知禮節；衣食足，則知榮辱。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      仓廪实，则知礼节；衣食足，则知荣辱。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Guanzi, 5th century BCE to 220 CE
      Cānglǐn shí, zé zhī lǐjié; yīshí zú, zé zhī róngrǔ. [Pinyin]
      When granaries are full, one begins to perceive propriety and dignity. When food and clothing are sufficient, one begins to understand honour and guilt.
  2. (Classical Chinese) to fill; to load; to stuff
    • 主人坐取爵，實之賔之席前，西北面獻賔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      主人坐取爵，实之賔之席前，西北面献賔。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Etiquette and Ceremonial, circa 475 – 221 BCE
      Zhǔrén zuò qǔ jué, shí zhī bīn zhī xí qián, xīběi miàn xiàn bīn. [Pinyin]
      The host, seated, takes up the (tripod) goblet, and fills it in front of the seat of the guest (of honour). Facing northwest, (the host) performs the first formal offering to the guest.
  3. real; true
    實情／实情  ―  shíqíng  ―  truth, fact (literally, real circumstances)
    alt. forms: 寔
  4. truth; fact; substance; reality
    事實／事实  ―  shìshí  ―  truth
    名不副實／名不副实  ―  míngbùfùshí  ―  more in name than in reality
    實則不然／实则不然  ―  shí zé bùrán  ―  the truth cannot be more different
  5. honest
    誠實／诚实  ―  chéngshí  ―  honest; truthful
    實不相瞞／实不相瞒  ―  shíbùxiàngmán  ―  frankly speaking
  6. solid
    實心／实心  ―  shíxīn  ―  (of shapes) filled; solid (literally "solid inside")
  7. fruit (literal or figurative)
    果實／果实  ―  guǒshí  ―  fruit
    • 落其實者思其樹；飲其流者懷其源。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      落其实者思其树；饮其流者怀其源。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 《徵調曲》 Tune in the Key of Zhi written by Yu Xin (庾信), Northern and Southern dynasties
      Luò qí shí zhě sī qí shù; yǐn qí liú zhě huái qí yuán. [Pinyin]
      When you eat the fruit, remember the trees that produced them; when you drink water, think of its source.
  8. (Classical Chinese, arithmetic) dividend
    • 母互乘子，以少減多，餘為實。母相乘為法。實如法而一。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      母互乘子，以少减多，余为实。母相乘为法。实如法而一。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 10th–2nd century BCE, The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
      Mǔ hù chéng zǐ, yǐ shào jiǎn duō, yú wèi shí. Mǔ xiàng chéng wèi fǎ. Shí rú fǎ ér yī. [Pinyin]
      [To calculate the difference between two fractions,] multiply each fraction's numerator by the other's denominator, and subtract the smaller product from the larger one, and let the difference be the divisor. Let the product of the two denominators be the dividend. Add one to the result for each part in the dividend that equals to the divisor (which means to divide the dividend by the divisor).
  9. (Cantonese) surely; undoubtedly; definitely
    實會出事／实会出事 [Cantonese]  ―  sat6 wui5 ceot1 si6 [Jyutping]  ―  something bad will definitely happen
  10. (Classical Chinese) in fact; truly; verily; actually
    • 漢陽諸姬，楚實盡之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      汉阳诸姬，楚实尽之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
      Hàn yáng zhū Jī, Chǔ shí jìn zhī. [Pinyin]
      Verily, every Ji (i.e. House of Zhou) state north of River Han has been annexed by Chu.
  11. (Cantonese) tight
    個蓋擰到好實。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    个盖拧到好实。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    go3 goi3 ning2 dou3 hou2 sat6. [Jyutping]
    The lid is screwed on really tight.
  12. (Classical Chinese) this
    alt. forms: 寔

Synonyms

  • (surely): 當然／当然 (dāngrán), 固然 (gùrán), 自然 (zìrán), (Cantonese) 梗係／梗系, (Min Nan) 在勢／在势

Compounds

Derived terms from 實

Japanese

Shinjitai

実

Kyūjitai

實

Kanji

實

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 実)

  1. reality
  2. truth

Readings

  • Go-on: じち (jichi)
  • Kan-on: しつ (shitsu)
  • Kan’yō-on: じつ (jitsu)
  • Kun: み (mi, 實); みのる (minoru, 實る)

Proper noun

實(みのる) • (Minoru) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

實 (eumhun 열매 실 (yeolmae sil))

  1. Hanja form? of 실 (“reality; truth”).
  2. Hanja form? of 실 (“(literal) fruit”).

Compounds

  • 實談 (실담)
  • 實力 (실력)
  • 實物 (실물)
  • 實없다 (실없다)
  • 實情 (실정)
  • 實際 (실제)
  • 實하다 (실하다)
  • 梅實 (매실)

Vietnamese

Readings

實: Hán Việt readings: thực, thặc, chí, thật
實: Nôm readings: thật, thiệt, chí, thực

Compounds

  • 實現 (thực hiện)
  • 實際 (thực tế)
  • 視實 (thị thực)

References

  • Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)
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