宿る
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
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宿 |
やど Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. A compound of 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) + 取る (toru, “to take”). First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]
A surface analysis might suggest a derivation from 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”). However, the Old Japanese spelling using man'yōgana was ⟨yado2ru⟩, consistent with the compound derivation above. Meanwhile, the noun 宿 (yado, “inn, hotel, lodging”) was spelled ⟨yado1, consistent with a derivation from 屋 (ya, “house; roof”) + 戸 (to, “door”, by extension, “house”).[2] Consequently, aside from the initial 屋 (ya) in both terms, yadoru and yado are not actually directly related to each other.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) やどる [yàdóꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
- IPA(key): [ja̠do̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
Verb
宿る • (yadoru) godan (stem 宿り (yadori), past 宿った (yadotta))
- [from 720] to take shelter
- (Can we date this quote?), 泉鏡花 [Izumi Kyōka], 沼夫人 (Numafujin):
- 小松原は、旅行中、夏の一夜を、知己の医学士の家に宿ったのであった。
- Komatsubara wa, ryokō-chū, natsu no hitoyo o, chikazuki no igakushi no ie ni yadotta no de atta.
- One summer night on his journey, Komatsubara stayed in the house of a doctor friend of his.
- 小松原は、旅行中、夏の一夜を、知己の医学士の家に宿ったのであった。
-
- [from 759] (figuratively) to be located at; to dwell
- 言葉に宿るパワー
- kotoba ni yadoru pawā
- the power (vested) in words
- 草葉に宿る露
- kusaba ni yadoru tsuyu
- the dew among the grass
- 不思議な力が宿る
- fushigi na chikara ga yadoru
- a mysterious power dwells
- 神様は細部に宿る
- kamisama wa saibu ni yadoru
- God is in the details
- 言葉に宿るパワー
- [from 1250] (of an unborn child) to be in the mother
- 赤ちゃんがお腹に宿る
- akachan ga onaka ni yadoru
- to be pregnant
- (literally, “a child is in the belly”)
- 赤ちゃんがお腹に宿る
Conjugation
Conjugation of "宿る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 宿ら | やどら | yadora |
Continuative (連用形) | 宿り | やどり | yadori |
Terminal (終止形) | 宿る | やどる | yadoru |
Attributive (連体形) | 宿る | やどる | yadoru |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 宿れ | やどれ | yadore |
Imperative (命令形) | 宿れ | やどれ | yadore |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 宿られる | やどられる | yadorareru |
Causative | 宿らせる 宿らす | やどらせる やどらす | yadoraseru yadorasu |
Potential | 宿れる | やどれる | yadoreru |
Volitional | 宿ろう | やどろう | yadorō |
Negative | 宿らない | やどらない | yadoranai |
Negative continuative | 宿らず | やどらず | yadorazu |
Formal | 宿ります | やどります | yadorimasu |
Perfective | 宿った | やどった | yadotta |
Conjunctive | 宿って | やどって | yadotte |
Hypothetical conditional | 宿れば | やどれば | yadoreba |
Derived terms
- 雨宿り (amayadori)
- 正直の頭に神宿る (shōjiki no kōbe ni kami yadoru)
References
- “宿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- “宿・屋戸・屋外”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN