家族
Chinese
home; family; ‑ist home; family; ‑ist; ‑er; ‑ian; measure word for stores and schools | race; nationality; ethnicity race; nationality; ethnicity; clan | ||
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trad. (家族) | 家 | 族 | |
simp. #(家族) | 家 | 族 |
Pronunciation
Noun
家族
- family; household; clan
- 家族世襲/家族世袭 ― jiāzú shìxí ― hereditary succession
Synonyms
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Descendants
- → Japanese: 家族 (kazoku)
- → Korean: 가족(家族) (gajok)
- → Vietnamese: gia tộc (家族)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
か Grade: 2 | ぞく Grade: 3 |
kan’on | goon |
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 家族 (MC kˠa d͡zuk̚). However, not attested until 1808,[1] so possibly a borrowing from modern written Chinese 家族 with the expected Japanese reading applied.
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) かぞく [káꜜzòkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [ka̠zo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
家族 • (kazoku)
- a family, a household
- 2015 July 27, Ekström, Åsa, “第1話 (Daiichiwa) ようこそ、ここへ (Yōkoso, Koko E) [Chapter 1: Welcome Here]”, in さよならセプテンバー (Sayonara Seputenbā) [Goodbye September], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Creek & River:
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい!
- Bokura wa shiawase na kazoku ni naru yo zettai!
- We’ll definitely make a happy family!
- ぼくらは幸せな家族になるよぜったい!
-
Usage notes
家族 refers to one’s own family, particularly immediate family – parents, children, and siblings. To refer to another’s family, one uses the honorific form ご家族 (go-kazoku, “another’s family”, honorific). To refer to one’s relatives generally, one uses 親戚 (shinseki, “relative”), which includes even distant relatives. For close relatives – say, aunts, uncles, and close cousins – one may use 近親 (kinshin, “close relative”). For close people, not necessarily family, one may use 身内 (miuchi, “close family, close friends”).
Synonyms
- 御家族, ご家族 (go-kazoku) (honorific)
References
- “家族”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
Noun
家族 • (gajok) (hangeul 가족)
- Hanja form? of 가족 (“family, household”).
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
家 | 族 |
Noun
家族
- chữ Hán form of gia tộc (“family”).