请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 家
释义

家

See also: 傢, 冢, and 冡
家 U+5BB6, 家
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BB6
← 宵
[U+5BB5]		CJK Unified Ideographs宷 →
[U+5BB7]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

家 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十一尸人 (JMSO), four-corner 30232, composition ⿱宀豕)

Derived characters

  • 傢, 𠺢, 嫁, 幏, 𣺊, 榢, 𤨎, 稼, 糘, 鎵/镓

Descendants

  • 𛀢

References

  • KangXi: page 286, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7169
  • Dae Jaweon: page 566, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 930, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+5BB6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 家
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
家*kraː
傢*kraː
幏*kraː, *kraːs
稼*kraːs
嫁*kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraː) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 豕 (“pig”).

豕 is an abbreviation of 豭 (OC *kraː, “male pig, boar”) (Shuowen Jiezi), a homophone of 家 (jiā) in Old Chinese. See 豭 for more on the glyph composition.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
家
2nd round simp.𡦼
一棟住著一家人的房子

Cognate with Tibetan མཁར (mkhar, “castle; house”) (Schuessler, 2007).

嫁 (OC *kraːs, “to give a girl in marriage”) is the exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “house; household; family”).

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): jiā, jia (jia1, jia5)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚ, ˙ㄐㄧㄚ
    (Chengdu, SP): jia1
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җя (ži͡a, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gaa1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ga1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): ga1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kâ
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ga1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): jia1
  • Min Bei (KCR): gá
  • Min Dong (BUC): gă
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ke / ka / kiee / kia
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gê1 / gia1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): ka (T1); jia (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): jia1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jiā
      • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jia
      • Wade–Giles: chia1
      • Yale: jyā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jia
      • Palladius: цзя (czja)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕjä⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jia
      • Zhuyin: ˙ㄐㄧㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jiå
      • Wade–Giles: chia5
      • Yale: jya
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jia
      • Palladius: цзя (czja)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ʑ̥jä/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: jia1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gia
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җя (ži͡a, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gaa1
      • Yale: gā
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gaa1
      • Guangdong Romanization: ga1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kaː⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: ga1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: ga1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâ
      • Hakka Romanization System: ga´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ga1
      • Sinological IPA: /ka²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ga1
      • Sinological IPA: /ka⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: jia1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕia¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gá
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
      • Tâi-lô: ke
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kef
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ke⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ke³³/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
      • Tâi-lô: ka
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /ka³³/
    • (Hokkien: Longyan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiee
      • Tâi-lô: kiee
      • IPA (Longyan): /kiɛ³³⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Longyan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia
      • Tâi-lô: kia
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kiaf
      • IPA (Longyan): /kia³³⁴/
Note:
  • ke/kiee - vernacular;
  • ka/lia - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gê1 / gia1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke / kia
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ke³³/, /kia³³/
Note:
  • gê1 - vernacular;
  • gia1 - literary (used only in operas).
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: ka (T1); jia (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka̱⁵³/, /t͡ɕia̱⁵³/
Note: 1jia is literary.
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: jia1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕia̠³³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
家
MandarinBeijing/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Harbin/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Tianjin/t͡ɕiɑ²¹/
Jinan/t͡ɕia²¹³/
Qingdao/t͡ɕia²¹³/
Zhengzhou/t͡ɕia²⁴/
Xi'an/t͡ɕia²¹/
Xining/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Lanzhou/t͡ɕia³¹/
Ürümqi/t͡ɕia⁴⁴/
Wuhan/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/ 國～
/ka⁵⁵/ 人～
Chengdu/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Guiyang/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
Kunming/t͡ɕia̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing/t͡ɕiɑ³¹/
Hefei/t͡ɕia²¹/
JinTaiyuan/t͡ɕia¹¹/
Pingyao/t͡ɕiɑ¹³/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵³/ 娘～
Hohhot/t͡ɕia³¹/
/t͡ɕiaʔ⁰/ 人～
WuShanghai/ka⁵³/
/t͡ɕia⁵³/
Suzhou/kɑ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕiɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/t͡ɕiɑ³³/
Wenzhou/ko³³/
HuiShexian/t͡ɕia³¹/
/ka³¹/
Tunxi/kɔ¹¹/
XiangChangsha/t͡ɕia³³/
/ka³³/
Xiangtan/kɒ³³/
GanNanchang/kɑ⁴²/
HakkaMeixian/ka⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/kɑ²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/ka⁵³/
Nanning/ka⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/ka⁵⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/ka⁵⁵/
/ke⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/ka⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/ka⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/ke³³/
/ka³³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/ka²³/
/kia²³/
/kɛ²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /kˠa/
Rime
Character家
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)麻 (98)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie古牙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun		/kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen		/ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kaɨ/
Li
Rong		/ka/
Wang
Li		/ka/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gaa1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character家
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		jiā
Middle
Chinese		‹ kæ ›
Old
Chinese		/*kˁra/
Englishhousehold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character家
Reading #1/1
No.5919
Phonetic
component		家
Rime
group		魚
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		嘉
Old
Chinese		/*kraː/
Definitions

家

  1. home
    回家  ―  huíjiā  ―  to return home
    我的家就在這裡。／我的家就在这里。  ―  Wǒ de jiā jiù zài zhèlǐ.  ―  My home is here.
  2. family; household
    家庭  ―  jiātíng  ―  family
    家事  ―  jiāshì  ―  family matters
    陳家／陈家  ―  Chén jiā  ―  The Chen family
    我家有四口人。  ―  Wǒ jiā yǒu sì kǒu rén.  ―  We are a family of four.
  3. (polite, for family member) my
    家父  ―  jiāfù  ―  my father
  4. domesticated; domestic
    家兔  ―  jiātù  ―  domestic rabbit
    家貓／家猫  ―  jiāmāo  ―  domestic cat
  5. Classifier for families, businesses and companies.
    一家餐廳／一家餐厅  ―  yī jiā cāntīng  ―  a restaurant
    兩家商店／两家商店  ―  liǎng jiā shāngdiàn  ―  two shops
    四家人家  ―  sì jiā rénjiā  ―  four families
  6. school of thought; philosophical school
    儒家  ―  Rújiā  ―  Confucian school
    道家  ―  Dàojiā  ―  Daoist School
    一家之言  ―  yījiāzhīyán  ―  one's own thought, opinion, interpretation, etc.
  7. (historical, obsolete) fief of ministers or senior officials
    • 若使天下兼相愛，愛人若愛其身：……猶有大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者乎？視人家若其家，誰亂？視人國若其國，誰攻？故大夫之相亂家、諸侯之相攻國者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      若使天下兼相爱，爱人若爱其身：……犹有大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者乎？视人家若其家，谁乱？视人国若其国，谁攻？故大夫之相乱家、诸侯之相攻国者亡有。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
      Ruòshǐ tiānxià jiān xiàng'ài, àirén ruò ài qí shēn:...... Yóu yǒu dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě hū? Shì rénjiā ruò qí jiā, shéi luàn? Shì rénguó ruò qí guó, shéi gōng? Gù dàfū zhī xiàng luàn jiā, zhūhóu zhī xiàng gōng guó zhě wáng yǒu. [Pinyin]
      Suppose everybody in the world loves universally, loving others as one's self: [...] Will there be mutual disturbance among the houses of the ministers and invasion among the states of the feudal lords? When every one regards the houses of others as one's own, who will be disturbing? When every one regards the states of others as one's own, who will invade? Therefore there will be neither disturbances among the houses of the ministers nor invasion among the states of the feudal lords.
    • 王曰『何以利吾國』？大夫曰『何以利吾家』？士庶人曰『何以利吾身』？上下交征利而國危矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      王曰‘何以利吾国’？大夫曰‘何以利吾家’？士庶人曰‘何以利吾身’？上下交征利而国危矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
      Wáng yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúguó’? Dàfū yuē ‘héyǐ lì wújiā’? Shì shùrén yuē ‘héyǐ lì wúshēn’? Shàngxià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ. [Pinyin]
      If Your Majesty says, ‘Whereby may I profit my state?’ your grandees shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit my household?’ and your gentlemen and common people shall say, ‘Whereby may I profit myself?’ When those higher and lower compete with one another for profit, the state will be in danger.
  8. Suffix denoting a person with a certain occupation or social standing. -er
    船家  ―  chuánjiā  ―  boatperson
    行家  ―  hángjiā  ―  expert; connoisseur
  9. Suffix denoting specialist in a certain activity or field. -ist; -er
    藝術家／艺术家  ―  yìshùjiā  ―  artist
    科學家／科学家  ―  kēxuéjiā  ―  scientist
    野心家  ―  yěxīnjiā  ―  person of ambition; careerist
  10. (in a game) party; side
    對家／对家  ―  duìjiā  ―  opposite player
    莊家／庄家  ―  zhuāngjiā  ―  banker; house
  11. Suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person.
    親家／亲家  ―  qìngjia  ―  one's child's parents-in-law
    仇家  ―  chóujiā  ―  personal enemy
    老人家身體可還好啊？ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    老人家身体可还好啊？ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Lǎorénjiā shēntǐ kě hái hǎo a? [Pinyin]
    Is the parent of yours well?
    一個姑娘家，成天不想著學好，天天跟道上的男人鬼混，像什麼樣子！ [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    一个姑娘家，成天不想着学好，天天跟道上的男人鬼混，像什么样子！ [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Yī ge gūniangjiā, chéngtiān bù xiǎng zhe xuéhǎor, tiāntiān gēn dàorshang de nánrén guǐhùn, xiàng shénme yàngzi! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  12. a surname
Synonyms
  • (family):
edit
  • 人家 (rénjiā)
  • 室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
  • 家室 (jiāshì)
  • 家庭 (jiātíng)
  • 家族 (jiāzú)
  • 戶家／户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
  • 房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
  • 親族／亲族 (qīnzú)
Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese家
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)家
MandarinBeijing家
Taiwan家
Tianjin家
Jinan家
Xi'an家, 屋
Wuhan屋裡, 家
Chengdu屋頭, 家
Guilin家
Yangzhou家, 家頭
Hefei家
Malaysia家
Singapore家
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)家
CantoneseGuangzhou屋企
Hong Kong屋企
Macau屋企
Zhongshan (Shiqi)屋企
Jiangmen (Xinhui)屋企
Taishan屋企, 企
Dongguan屋企
Yunfu屋己
Yangjiang屋己, 屋
Maoming (Xinpo)屋己
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)屋企
Singapore (Guangfu)屋企
GanNanchang屋裡
HakkaMeixian屋下
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)屋
Huiyang屋下
Dongguan (Qingxi)屋下
Boluo (Bendihua)屋
Heyuan (Bendihua)屋下
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)屋下
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)屋下
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)屋下
Wengyuan屋下
Liannan屋下
Jiexi屋家
Luhe屋下
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)屋下
Changting屋下
Wuping (Yanqian)屋下
Liancheng屋下
Ninghua屋下
Ningdu屋下
Tonggu (Sandu)屋下
Ganzhou (Panlong)屋下
Miaoli (N. Sixian)屋下
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)屋下
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)屋下
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)屋家
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)屋下
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)屋下
Hong Kong屋下
Yangxi (Tangkou)屋下
Yangchun (Sanjia)屋下
Xinyi (Sihe)屋下
Xinyi (Qianpai)屋下
Gaozhou (Xindong)屋下
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)屋下
Huazhou (Xin'an)屋下
Lianjiang (Shijiao)屋下
Lianjiang (Qingping)屋下
Mengshan (Xihe)屋下
Luchuan屋下
Senai (Huiyang)屋下
JinTaiyuan家
Min BeiJian'ou厝
Min DongFuzhou厝
Singapore (Fuqing)厝
Min NanXiamen厝, 兜
Quanzhou厝, 兜
Jinjiang厝
Zhangzhou厝, 兜
Zhao'an厝
Taipei兜
New Taipei (Sanxia)兜
Kaohsiung兜
Yilan厝, 兜
Changhua (Lukang)兜, 塊
Taichung兜
Tainan厝, 兜
Hsinchu兜
Kinmen塊, 兜
Penghu (Magong)塊, 兜
Penang (Hokkien)厝
Singapore (Hokkien)厝, 兜
Manila (Hokkien)厝, 厝內, 兜
Chaozhou內
Shantou內
Shantou (Chaoyang)內
Jieyang內
Haifeng厝
Bangkok (Teochew)厝, 內
Johor Bahru (Teochew)厝
Singapore (Teochew)內
Wenchang厝
Qionghai厝
Singapore (Hainanese)厝
ShehuaFu'an寮
Fuding寮
Luoyuan寮
Sanming寮
Shunchang寮
Hua'an寮
Guixi (Zhangping)寮
Cangnan寮
Jingning寮
Lishui寮
Longyou寮
Chaozhou寮
Fengshun寮
WuShanghai屋裡
Suzhou屋裡
Ningbo屋落, 屋裡
Wenzhou屋裡
XiangChangsha屋裡
Shuangfeng屋裡
  • (suffix used after a noun to specify a type of person): 家家 (jiājiā), (Cantonese) 人家 (jan4 gaa1)
Compounds
Derived terms from 家

Pronunciation 2

  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ka / kāi / ka / kai
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ga1
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
      • Tâi-lô: ka
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tong'an, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /ka⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Lukang, Penang): /ka³³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāi
      • Tâi-lô: kāi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kai
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kai⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ka
      • Tâi-lô: ka
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kaf
      • IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /ka⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kai
      • Tâi-lô: kai
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kay
      • IPA (Kinmen): /kai⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ga1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ka
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka³³/
Definitions

家

  1. (Min Nan) Only used in 家己 (ka-kī).

Pronunciation 3

  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): kha / khia / khia
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kia1
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kha
      • Tâi-lô: kha
      • Phofsit Daibuun: qaf
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kʰa³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰa⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia
      • Tâi-lô: khia
      • Phofsit Daibuun: qiaf
      • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kʰia⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia
      • Tâi-lô: khia
      • Phofsit Daibuun: qiaf
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰia⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: kia1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khia
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kʰia³³/
Definitions

家

  1. (Min Nan) Only used in 私家.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 家 – see 傢 (“stubborn, obstinate, intransigent”).
(This character, 家, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 傢.)
Notes:
  • Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore.
  • Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
家
alternative forms價／价

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jie (jie5)
    (Zhuyin): ˙ㄐㄧㄝ
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: jie
      • Zhuyin: ˙ㄐㄧㄝ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jie̊
      • Wade–Giles: chieh5
      • Yale: jye
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .jie
      • Palladius: цзе (cze)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ʑ̥jɛ/

Definitions

家

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 4

Cognate with 姑 (gū).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gū (gu1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): gu1
  • Min Dong (BUC): gă
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ke / kee
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gê1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: gū
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: gu
      • Wade–Giles: ku1
      • Yale: gū
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
      • Palladius: гу (gu)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gu1
      • Yale: gū
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gu1
      • Guangdong Romanization: gu1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gă
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ka⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Tainan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ke
      • Tâi-lô: ke
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kef
      • IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan): /ke⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /ke³³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kee
      • Tâi-lô: kee
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gê1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ke
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ke³³/

Definitions

家

  1. Only used in 大家 (dàgū).

Japanese

Kanji

家

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: け (ke, Jōyō); く (ku)
  • Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō); こ (ko)
  • Kun: いえ (ie, 家, Jōyō)←いへ (ife, historical); や (ya, 家, Jōyō); うち (uchi, 家)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 家(か)屋(おく) (kaoku, “house, dwelling, residence”)
  • 家(か)具(ぐ) (kagu, “furniture”)
  • 家(か)族(ぞく) (kazoku, “family, household”)
  • 家(か)庭(てい) (katei, “family, household”)
  • 家(か)禽(きん) (kakin, “domestic fowl, poultry”)
  • 家(や)守(もり) (yamori, “gecko”)
  • 家(や)守(もり) (yamori, “guarding a house, or a person who does such; real estate agent in the Edo period”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
家
いえ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨ipe1⟩ → */ipʲe/ → /iɸe/ → /iwe/ → /ie/

From Old Japanese.

Possibly related to 廬 (iho → io, “temporary hut”).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) いえ​ [ìéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ie̞]

Noun

家(いえ) • (ie) ←いへ (ife)?

  1. a house
  2. one's own home
  3. a home, household
    • Yamazaki, Kore, “第1篇　April showers bring May flowers. [Composition 1: April showers bring May flowers.]”, in 魔法使いの嫁(The Ancient Magus Bride) [The Ancient Magus’ Bride], volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Mag Garden, page 17:
      ここが僕(ぼく)の家(いえ)　そして今日(きょう)から君(きみ)が暮(く)らす家(いえ)でもある
      Koko ga boku no ie Soshite kyō kara kimi ga kurasu ie de mo aru
      This is my home. From now on, you will live here, too.
  4. a family

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
家
や
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

  • 屋

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) や​ [yáꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ja̠]

Noun

家(や) • (ya) 

  1. a house

Suffix

家(や) • (-ya) 

  1. house of something, place where some business is conducted
  2. person who does that thing
See also
  • 者(しゃ) (-sha)
  • 手(しゅ) (-shu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
家
うち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Cognate with 内 (uchi, “middle”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) うち [ùchí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡ɕi]

Noun

家(うち) • (uchi) 

  1. a house
  2. one's house
Descendants
  • → English: hooch

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
家
Grade: 2
irregular

Contraction of uchi above.

Often following the genitive case marker の (no) which contracts to -n.

Noun

家(ち) • (chi) 

  1. a house
    俺(おれ)ん家(ち)に来(こ)ない？ ― Orenchi ni konai? ― Wanna come to my place?

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
家
か
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 家 (MC kˠa).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”), so likely a latter borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Suffix

家(か) • (-ka) 

  1. an expert, professional, performer
Derived terms
  • 漫(まん)画(が)家(か) (mangaka)
  • 投(とう)資(し)家(か) (tōshika)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
家
け
Grade: 2
goon

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”), so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Suffix

家(け) • (-ke) 

  1. representing relationship to a family
    平(たいら)家(け) ― Taira-ke ― the Taira family

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

家 (eumhun 집 가 (jip ga))

  1. Hanja form? of 가 (“home; family; household”).
Compounds
Derived terms
  • 가구 (家口, gagu)
  • 가장 (家長, gajang)
  • 가정 (家庭, gajeong)
  • 가족 (家族, gajok)
  • 작가 (作家, jakga)

Hanja

家 (eumhun 여자 고 (yeoja go))

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 姑 (“Hanja form? of 고 (“woman”).”)

Okinawan

Kanji

家

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Kun: やー (yā, 家)

Compounds

  • 家内 (ちねー) (chinē, “household”)
  • 家鴨 (あひる) (ahiru), 家鴨 (あひらー) (ahirā), 家鴨 (あふぃらー) (afirā, “domestic duck”)

Noun

家 (hiragana やー, rōmaji yā)

  1. house

Derived terms

  • 新 (みー)家 (やー) (mīyā, “new house”)
  • 家 (やー)人 (にん)衆 (じゅ) (yāninju, “family”)

Vietnamese

Han character

家: Hán Việt readings: gia[1]
家: Nôm readings: nhà[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of gia (“home, family”).
  2. chữ Hán form of gia (“expert, professional, -ist, -er”).
  3. Nôm form of nhà (“house, home, domestic”).
  4. Nôm form of nhà (“dynasty”).

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Trần (2004).

Yonaguni

Kanji

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

Noun

家 (hiragana だー, romaji dā)

  1. house
随便看

　

国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

　

Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/7/11 22:35:40