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单词 室
释义

室

室 U+5BA4, 室
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA4
← 宣
[U+5BA3]		CJK Unified Ideographs宥 →
[U+5BA5]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

室 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十一戈土 (JMIG), four-corner 30104, composition ⿱宀至)

Derived characters

  • 㗌 榁 腟 𩋡 鰘

See also

  • 房
  • 屋

References

  • KangXi: page 285, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7136
  • Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 925, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+5BA4

Chinese

simp. and trad.
室

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 室
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (至) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
致*tiɡs
輊*tiɡs
駤*tiɡs
跮*tʰiɡs, *tʰiɡ
荎*di, *diːɡ
緻*diɡs
至*tjiɡs
鵄*tʰji
胵*tʰji
痓*tʰjiɡs
咥*hriɡs, *tiːɡ, *diːɡ, *tʰiɡ
窒*tiːɡ, *tiɡ
蛭*tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ
垤*diːɡ
耋*diːɡ
姪*diːɡ, *diɡ
絰*diːɡ
恎*diːɡ
挃*tiɡ
庢*tiɡ
銍*tiɡ, *tjiɡ
秷*tiɡ
螲*tiɡ
侄*diɡ, *tjiɡ
桎*tjiɡ
郅*tjiɡ
晊*tjiɡ
室*hliɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hliɡ) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-li(s). Cognate to Tibetan གཞིས (gzhis) < གལྱི (glyi, “ground, foundation, cause; residence, abode”), ས་གཞི (sa gzhi, “earth (opposite to sky)”), གཞིས (gzhis, “native place”), ཡུལ་གཞིས (yul gzhis, “house, estate, property”), གཞིས་སྒྲིལ་བ (gzhis sgril ba, “to move, to change one's abode”). Also cognate to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mliy, from which Burmese မြေ (mre, “earth, soil”) is derived.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shì, shǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ, ㄕˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): sat1
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt
  • Jin (Wiktionary): seh4
  • Min Bei (KCR): sĭ
  • Min Dong (BUC): sék
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): sek / siak / sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sig4
  • Wu (Wiktionary): seq (T4)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shì
      • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
      • Wade–Giles: shih4
      • Yale: shr̀
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
      • Palladius: ши (ši)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
      • Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
      • Wade–Giles: shih3
      • Yale: shř
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
      • Palladius: ши (ši)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sat1
      • Yale: sāt
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sat7
      • Guangdong Romanization: sed1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɐt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt
      • Hakka Romanization System: siid`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: sid5
      • Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚²/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: seh4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sĭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /si²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sék
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiʔ²⁴/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
      • Tâi-lô: sik
      • Phofsit Daibuun: seg
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪk̚³²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siak
      • Tâi-lô: siak
      • Phofsit Daibuun: siag
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiak̚⁵/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit
      • Tâi-lô: sit
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sid
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕit̚⁵/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɕit̚³²/
Note:
  • sek/siak - vernacular;
  • sit - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: sig4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sik̚²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: seq (T4)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /səʔ⁵⁵/
  • Middle Chinese: /ɕiɪt̚/
Rime
Character室
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)眞 (48)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie式質切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕit̚/
Li
Rong		/ɕiĕt̚/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sat1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.ti[t]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character室
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shì
Middle
Chinese		‹ syit ›
Old
Chinese		/*s.ti[t]/
Englishchamber; house

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character室
Reading #1/1
No.17374
Phonetic
component		至
Rime
group		質
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		失
Old
Chinese		/*hliɡ/

Definitions

室

  1. room (in a building or house); chamber
    兩室一廳／两室一厅  ―  liǎng shì yī tīng  ―  two rooms and one living room
    1. (specifically in addresses) apartment number; flat number
  2. (literary, or in compounds) family; household; clan
  3. (literary, or in compounds) family member; dependent
    1. (specifically, literary, or in compounds) wife
  4. (literary, or in compounds) organ (part of an organism) shaped like a chamber; body cavity; ventricle
  5. (literary, or in compounds) work unit; administrative unit
  6. (literary, or in compounds) court; dynasty
  7. (literary, or in compounds) home; house
  8. (literary, or in compounds) office
  9. (literary, or in compounds) coffin pit; grave
  10. (literary, or in compounds) scabbard; sheath
  11. (astronomy) Encampment (a Chinese constellation near Pegasus)

Synonyms

  • (room):
edit
  • 居室 (jūshì)
  • 屋子 (wūzi) (colloquial)
  • 房間／房间 (fángjiān)
  • 房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
  • (family):
edit
  • 人家 (rénjiā)
  • 家 (jiā)
  • 家子 (jiāzi) (colloquial)
  • 家室 (jiāshì)
  • 家庭 (jiātíng)
  • 家族 (jiāzú)
  • 戶家／户家 (hùjiā) (literary)
  • 房頭／房头 (fángtóu) (literary)
  • 親族／亲族 (qīnzú)
  • (family member):
edit
Synonyms of 室
  • (coffin pit):
edit
  • 墓穴 (mùxué)
  • 墓窟 (Min Nan)
  • 泉壤 (quánrǎng) (literary)
  • 玄宅 (xuánzhái) (literary)
  • 窀穸 (zhūnxī) (literary)
  • 墓壙／墓圹 (mùkuàng) (literary, or Hokkien)
  • 墓壙空／墓圹空 (Min Nan)
  • 壙穴／圹穴 (kuàngxué) (literary)
  • (scabbard): 鞘 (qiào)

Compounds

Derived terms from 室

References

  1. Schuessler, Axel (2007) ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese‎, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, page 466

Japanese

Kanji

室

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. room

Readings

  • Go-on: しち (shichi)
  • Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: むろ (muro, 室, Jōyō); いえ (ie, 室)←いへ (ife, historical); さや (saya, 室); へや (heya, 室); つま (tsuma, 室)
  • Nanori: いえ (ie); むろ (muro); や (ya)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 教(きょう)室(しつ) (kyōshitsu): classroom
  • 室外(しつがい) (shitsugai): outside a room, outdoor
  • 室内(しつない) (shitsunai): inside a room, indoor
  • 寝室(しんしつ) (shinshitsu): bedroom
  • 霊安室(れいあんしつ) (reianshitsu): morgue

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
室
むろ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 室 – see the following entry.
【むろ】
[noun] cellar; storage chamber
(This term, 室, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
室
しつ
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 室 (MC ɕiɪt̚).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しつ​ [shìtsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

室(しつ) • (shitsu) 

  1. room

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 室 (MC ɕiɪt̚).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 시ᇙ〮 (Yale: sílq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 실〮 (síl)訓 (Yale: síl) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean  실 ( sil)訓 (Yale: sil) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰiɭ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [실]

Hanja

Wikisource室 (eumhun 집 실 (jip sil))

  1. Hanja form? of 실 (“room”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 실내 (室內, sillae)
  • 교실 (敎室, gyosil)
  • 객실 (客室, gaeksil)
  • 거실 (居室, geosil)
  • 별실 (別室, byeolsil)
  • 침실 (寢室, chimsil)
  • 암실 (暗室, amsil)
  • 정실 (正室, jeongsil)
  • 측실 (側室, cheuksil)
  • 내실 (內室, naesil)
  • 석실 (石室, seoksil)
  • 빙실 (氷室, bingsil)
  • 황실 (皇室, hwangsil)
  • 왕실 (王室, wangsil)
  • 사무실 (事務室, samusil)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

室: Hán Nôm readings: thất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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