宣

See also: 宜 and 冝

宣	U+5BA3, 宣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA3

← 客
[U+5BA2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

室 →
[U+5BA4]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

宣 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十一日一 (JMAM), four-corner 3010₆, composition ⿱宀亘)

Derived characters

萱, 箮, 𠊿, 喧, 塇, 媗, 愃, 揎, 暄, 楦, 渲, 煊, 𤚗, 瑄, 睻, 碹, 縇, 翧, 蝖, 諠, 鍹, 鰚, 䙋, 䳦, 𤸧

References

KangXi: page 284, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7132

Dae Jaweon: page 562, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 923, character 10

Unihan data for U+5BA3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宣
2nd round simp.		㝉
alternative forms		𠖚 historical 𡨈 historical 𡩦 historical 𡪏 historical 亘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宣
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亘) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
烜	qʰrolʔ, qʰonʔ
貆	qʰoːn, ɡoːn, *qʰon
峘	ɡoːn, ɡɯːŋ
狟	*ɡoːn
絙	ɡoːn, kɯːŋ
荁	*ɡoːn
宣	*sqʰon
咺	*qʰonʔ
暅	*qʰonʔ
桓	*ɡʷaːn
洹	ɡʷaːn, ɢʷan
揎	*sqʰʷan
愃	sqʰʷan, qʰʷanʔ
瑄	*sqʰʷan
渲	*sqʰʷans
喧	*qʰʷan
萱	*qʰʷan
暄	*qʰʷan
諠	*qʰʷan
翧	*qʰʷan
蝖	*qʰʷan
垣	*ɢʷan
楦	*qʰʷans

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xuān (xuan¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢ
(Chengdu, SP): xuan¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): syun¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xyon¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên
Jin (Wiktionary): xye¹
Min Dong (BUC): sŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): soan
(Teochew, Peng'im): suang¹ / suêng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xi (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syuan
  - Wade–Giles: hsüan¹
  - Yale: sywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuan
  - Palladius: сюань (sjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕɥɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: syun¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃyːn⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xyon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên
  - Hakka Romanization System: xien´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xian¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯en²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xye¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕye¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
  - Tâi-lô: suan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /suan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suang¹ / suêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suang / sueng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suaŋ³³/, /sueŋ³³/

Note:

suang1 - Shantou;
suêng1 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xi (T1)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /siuᴇn/

Rime
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	須緣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swian/
Li Rong	/siuɛn/
Wang Li	/sĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qʷar/
(Zhengzhang): /*sqʰon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xuān
Middle Chinese	‹ sjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*s-qʷar/
English	spread (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宣
Reading #	1/1
No.	3954
Phonetic component	亘
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	宣
Old Chinese	/*sqʰon/

Definitions

宣

(literary) to declare; to announce; to proclaim
(archaic) to command (from a sovereign to a subject)
(Internet slang) to like (contraction of 喜歡／喜欢 (xǐhuan))

Compounds

Derived terms from 宣

不可言宣
不宣
北上宣言
口宣
周宣王
宣判 (xuānpàn)
宣力
宣化 (xuānhuà)
宣卷
宣取
宣召 (xuānzhào)
宣吐
宣告 (xuāngào)
宣告死亡
宣和
宣威 (Xuānwēi)
宣室 (xuānshì)
宣室志
宣尼
宣布 (xuānbù)
宣德 (Xuāndé)
宣恩 (Xuān'ēn)
宣慰
宣敕
宣教 (xuānjiào)
宣旨 (xuānzhǐ)
宣明 (xuānmíng)
宣流
宣淫
宣父
宣牌

宣示 (xuānshì)
宣科
宣腿 (xuāntuǐ)
宣言 (xuānyán)
宣誓 (xuānshì)
宣麻
心照不宣 (xīnzhàobùxuān)
承宣
文宣 (wénxuān)
文宣王
死亡宣告
照本宣科 (zhàoběnxuānkē)
道宣
宣泄
人權宣言／人权宣言 (Rénquán Xuānyán)
仿宣紙／仿宣纸
倫敦宣言／伦敦宣言
傳宣／传宣
共產宣言／共产宣言
反宣傳／反宣传
宣佈／宣布
宣傳／宣传 (xuānchuán)
宣傳品／宣传品 (xuānchuánpǐn)
宣傳單／宣传单
宣傳彈／宣传弹
宣傳畫／宣传画 (xuānchuánhuà)
宣傳車／宣传车 (xuānchuánchē)
宣傳週／宣传周
宣劑／宣剂
宣勞／宣劳

宣和書譜／宣和书谱
宣和畫譜／宣和画谱
宣導／宣导 (xuāndǎo)
宣德鑪／宣德𬬻
宣戰／宣战 (xuānzhàn)
宣戰書／宣战书
宣揚／宣扬 (xuānyáng)
宣撫／宣抚
宣洩／宣泄 (xuānxiè)
宣稱／宣称 (xuānchēng)
宣窯／宣窑
宣筆／宣笔
宣紙／宣纸 (xuānzhǐ)
宣統／宣统 (Xuāntǒng)
宣詔／宣诏
宣說／宣说
宣諭／宣谕 (xuānyù)
宣講／宣讲 (xuānjiǎng)
宣議郎／宣议郎
宣讀／宣读 (xuāndú)
宣贊／宣赞
宣騰／宣腾
漢宣帝／汉宣帝
獨立宣言／独立宣言
破產宣告／破产宣告
祕而不宣／秘而不宣
節宣／节宣
許宣／许宣
開羅宣言／开罗宣言
齊宣王／齐宣王 (Qí Xuān Wáng)

Japanese

Kanji

宣

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

proclaim, announce
say

Readings

Go-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: せん (sen, Jōyō)
Kun: のたまう (notamau, 宣う)^{←のたまふ (notamafu, historical)}; のたまわく (notamawaku, 宣わく)^{←のたまはく (notamafaku, historical)}; のべる (noberu, 宣べる); のる (noru, 宣る)
Nanori: のぶ (nobu)

Compounds

宣(せん)言(げん) (sengen, “declaration”)
宣(せん)告(こく) (senkoku, “verdict”)
宣(せん)誓(せい) (sensei, “pledge, oath”)
宣(せん)託(たく) (sentaku)
宣(せん)伝(でん) (senden, “advertisement”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宣
せん Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 宣 (MC siuᴇn).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) せん [séꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [sẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

宣(せん) • (sen)

proclamation (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
Synonym: 宣旨 (senji)

Verb

宣(せん)する • (sen suru) suru (stem 宣(せん)し (sen shi), past 宣(せん)した (sen shita))

declare (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
Synonym: 宣言する (sengen suru)

Proper noun

宣(せん) • (Sen)

a female given name
a surname

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

宣 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn)

1. To declare, to give, to bestow.

Vietnamese

Han character

宣: Hán Nôm readings: tuyên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN