请输入您要查询的单词：

　

单词 官
释义

官

See also: 宮
官 U+5B98, 官
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B98
← 宗
[U+5B97]		CJK Unified Ideographs宙 →
[U+5B99]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

官 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十口中口 (JRLR), four-corner 30777, composition ⿱宀㠯)

Derived characters

  • 倌 館 (馆 舘) 菅 管
  • 宮, 宫
  • 追

References

  • KangXi: page 283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7107
  • Dae Jaweon: page 558, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B98

Chinese

simp. and trad.
官
alternative forms𡧺
𡦹
𠕍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
官*koːn
棺*koːn, *koːns
倌*koːn, *kroːns
悹*koːn, *koːnʔ, *koːns
涫*koːn, *koːns
管*koːnʔ
琯*koːnʔ, *kuːns
痯*koːnʔ, *koːns
輨*koːnʔ
錧*koːnʔ, *koːns
館*koːnʔ, *koːns
婠*koːns, *qoːn, *qruːd
悺*koːns
逭*ɡoːns
菅*kroːn
綰*qroːnʔ, *qroːns
捾*qoːd

Compositionally related to 宮. Approximately analysable as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 + 𠂤 – multiple rooms under a roof, an official building.

Etymology

Probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns, “servant”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): guān (guan1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ
    (Chengdu, SP): guan1
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуан (guan, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gun1
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gon1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): guon1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kôn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): guon1
  • Jin (Wiktionary): guan1
  • Min Bei (KCR): gúing
  • Min Dong (BUC): guăng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ / koan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guan1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): kuoe (T1)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): gonn1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
      • Wade–Giles: kuan1
      • Yale: gwān
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
      • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kwän⁵⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: guan1
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: guan
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuan⁵⁵/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуан (guan, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuæ̃²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gun1
      • Yale: gūn
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gun1
      • Guangdong Romanization: gun1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuːn⁵⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: gon1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kᵘɔn³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: guon1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuɵn⁴²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
      • Hakka Romanization System: gon´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gon1
      • Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: guon1
      • Sinological IPA: /kuɔn⁴⁴/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: guan1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kuæ̃¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gúing
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuiŋ⁵⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: guăng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kuaŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: kuann
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuã³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan
      • Tâi-lô: kuan
      • Phofsit Daibuun: koafn
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kuan³³/
Note: koaⁿ - vernacular, koan - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: guan1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuaⁿ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kũã³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: kuoe (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kv̩ʷø⁵³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: gonn1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kõ³³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
官
MandarinBeijing/kuan⁵⁵/
Harbin/kuan⁴⁴/
Tianjin/kuan²¹/
Jinan/kuã²¹³/
Qingdao/kuã²¹³/
Zhengzhou/kuan²⁴/
Xi'an/kã²¹/
Xining/kuã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/kuan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou/kuɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi/kuan⁴⁴/
Wuhan/kuan⁵⁵/
Chengdu/kuan⁵⁵/
Guiyang/kuan⁵⁵/
Kunming/kuã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing/kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei/kʊ̃²¹/
JinTaiyuan/kuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao/kuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot/kuæ̃³¹/
WuShanghai/kuø⁵³/
Suzhou/kuø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/kuõ³³/
Wenzhou/ky³³/
HuiShexian/kuɛ³¹/
Tunxi/kuːə¹¹/
XiangChangsha/kõ³³/
Xiangtan/kɔn³³/
GanNanchang/kuɵn⁴²/
HakkaMeixian/kuon⁴⁴/
Taoyuan/kon²⁴/
CantoneseGuangzhou/kun⁵³/
Nanning/kun⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/kun⁵⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/kuan⁵⁵/
/kuã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/kuiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan)/kuã³³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/kuaŋ²³/
/kua²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /kuɑn/
Rime
Character官
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)桓 (62)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Closed
Division (等)I
Fanqie古丸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun		/kʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen		/kuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kwan/
Li
Rong		/kuɑn/
Wang
Li		/kuɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		guān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gun1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷˤa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character官
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		guān
Middle
Chinese		‹ kwan ›
Old
Chinese		/*kʷˁa[n]/
Englishofficial (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character官
Reading #1/1
No.4435
Phonetic
component		官
Rime
group		元
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		官
Old
Chinese		/*koːn/

Definitions

官

  1. government official, public servant
    官員／官员  ―  guānyuán  ―  official
    做官  ―  zuòguān  ―  to hold an official position
    外交官  ―  wàijiāoguān  ―  diplomat
  2. governmental; official
    官辦／官办  ―  guānbàn  ―  government-run; operated by official bodies
    官方  ―  guānfāng  ―  official; authoritative; approved
  3. public; communal
    Synonyms: 公 (gōng), 公共 (gōnggòng), 公用 (gōngyòng)
    Antonym: 私 (sī)
  4. organ (part of a body)
    Synonym: 器官 (qìguān)
    五官  ―  wǔguān  ―  the five sense organs (ears, eyes, mouth, nose and tongue)
  5. a surname

Descendants

  • → English: Guan, Kwan

Compounds

Derived terms from 官

References

  • Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01015
  • (Min Nan) “Entry #3824”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

官

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)←くわん (kwan, historical)
  • Kun: つかさ (tsukasa, 官); おおやけ (ōyake, 官)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
官
つかさ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 官 – see the following entry.
【長つかさ】2
[noun] a manager, a headman, a foreman
[noun] an official
[noun] government service
[proper noun] a surname
[proper noun] a unisex given name
Alternative spellings
官, 司, 首
(This term, 官, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
官
かん
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 官 (MC kuɑn).

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
    • IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

官(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. government office
  2. government official
  3. official rank; official position
  4. public; state-owned (use, facility, etc.)
  5. sense organ

Noun

官(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. government office; authority
  2. government official
  3. official rank; official position
  4. (obsolete) the state; government
  5. (obsolete) short for 太政官(だいじょうかん) (daijōkan).

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

References

    Korean

    Hanja

    官 (eumhun 벼슬 관 (byeoseul gwan))

    1. Hanja form? of 관 (“government office”).

    Compounds

    • 경찰관 (警察官, gyeongchalgwan, “police officer”)
    • 소방관 (消防官, sobanggwan, “firefighter”)
    • 외교관 (外交官, oegyogwan, “diplomat”)

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    官: Hán Nôm readings: quan[1][2][3][4][5][6]

    1. a mandarin, an official

    References

    1. Génibrel (1898).
    2. Bonet (1899).
    3. Thiều Chửu (1942).
    4. Nguyễn (1974).
    5. Trần (1999).
    6. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    随便看

    　

    国际大辞典收录了7408809条英语、德语、日语等多语种在线翻译词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词及词组的翻译及用法，是外语学习的有利工具。

    　

    Copyright © 2004-2023 idict.net All Rights Reserved
    京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/7/12 0:02:46