完

完

See also: 宗

完 U+5B8C, 完 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8C ← 宋 [U+5B8B] CJK Unified Ideographs 宍 → [U+5B8D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

完 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十一一山 (JMMU), four-corner 3021₁, composition ⿱宀元)

Derived characters

• 俒 唍 垸 㛡 捖 浣 院 晥 脘 梡 烷 琓 皖 睆 綄 羦 䖾 𧨎 輐 鋎 䯘 鯇(鲩) 䴷
• 鵍 莞 筦 𣻻 𥕜

References

• KangXi: page 282, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7079
• Dae Jaweon: page 555, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 914, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B8C

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		完

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冠	*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞	*kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	*ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	*ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖	*ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	*ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒	*ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɦŋoːn) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wán (wan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): wan²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): uon⁴ / fon⁴ / yon⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vàn / yèn / vòn / yàn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): van²

• Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
• Min Bei (KCR): uǐng
• Min Dong (BUC): uòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): oân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): uang⁵ / uêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhuoe (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): onn² / yenn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wán
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wán
    • Wade–Giles: wan²
    • Yale: wán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
    • Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: uon⁴ / fon⁴ / yon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uɵn³⁵/, /fɵn³⁵/, /yɵn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yèn / vòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: vanˇ / ienˇ / vonˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: van² / yan² / von²
    • Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /i̯en¹¹/, /von¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vàn / yàn / vòn
    • Hakka Romanization System: vanˇ / (r)ianˇ / vonˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: van² / yan² / von²
    • Sinological IPA: /van¹¹/, /(j)i̯an¹¹/, /von¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: van²
    • Sinological IPA: /ʋan¹¹/

Note: vòn - “whole”.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: van¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uiŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
    • Tâi-lô: uân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /uan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: uang⁵ / uêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uâng / uêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ⁵⁵/, /ueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• uang5 - Shantou;
• uêng5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhuoe (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷø²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: onn² / yenn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /õ¹³/, /yẽ¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 完
Mandarin	Beijing	/uan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/uan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/van⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/vã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/vã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/uã²⁴/
	Xining	/uã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/van⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/vɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/van⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/uan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/uan³¹/
	Guiyang	/uan²¹/
	Kunming	/uã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/uaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʊ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/væ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/væ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦuø²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦuø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦuõ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/jy³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/uɛ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/uːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/õ¹³/ ～好 /yẽ¹³/ ～姑妈
	Xiangtan	/ɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/uɵn⁴⁵/ /fɵn⁴⁵/ /yɵn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/van¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/vɑn¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jyn²¹/
	Nanning	/yn²¹/
	Hong Kong	/jyn²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/huan³⁵/ /uan³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/uoŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/uiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/uaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/zuaŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑn/

Rime
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡官切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwan/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑn/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤo[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦŋoːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wán
Middle Chinese	‹ hwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁo[n]/
English	finish (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	完
Reading #	1/1
No.	16125
Phonetic component	元
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	桓
Old Chinese	/*ɦŋoːn/

Definitions

完

1. whole; complete; intact

   完好  ―  wánhǎo  ―  intact

   • 城入趙而璧留秦；城不入，臣請完璧歸趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     城入赵而璧留秦；城不入，臣请完璧归赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Chéng rù Zhào ér bì liú Qín; chéng bù rù, chén qǐng wán bì guī Zhào. [Pinyin]

     If the cities are granted to Zhao, the jade will remain in Qin; if the cities are not granted, allow your servant to return to Zhao with the jade intact.

   • 大人豈見覆巢之下，復有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     大人岂见覆巢之下，复有完卵乎？ [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE

     Dàrén qǐ jiàn fù cháo zhī xià, fù yǒu wán luǎn hū? [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. to end; to finish

   說個沒完／说个没完  ―  shuō ge méi wán  ―  to not stop talking

   噉就完咗喇？ [Cantonese]  ―  gam² zau⁶ jyun⁴ zo² laa⁴? [Jyutping]  ―  Is that all!? / It's over just like that?

   1. Used after a verb to indicate perfective aspect (action completion).

   食完 [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ jyun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  done eating

   搞完！ [Cantonese]  ―  gaau² jyun⁴! [Jyutping]  ―  Done!

   你的作業做完了沒有？ [MSC, trad.]
   你的作业做完了没有？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de zuòyè zuò wán le méiyǒu? [Pinyin]

   Have you finished your homework?

   我還沒說完呢。／我还没说完呢。  ―  Wǒ hái méi shuō wán ne.  ―  I have not finished talking.

3. to run out; to use up

   信紙用完了／信纸用完了  ―  xìnzhǐ yòng wán le  ―  We are out of writing paper.

4. to complete; to finish

   完工  ―  wángōng  ―  to complete a project

   完稿  ―  wángǎo  ―  to finish a piece of writing

5. (obsolete) firm; stable
6. perfect; faultless; flawless

   完人  ―  wánrén  ―  perfect person

7. (of life) to end; to enter a dangerous or hopeless state; to be doomed; done for
8. to pay; to pay back

   完稅／完税  ―  wánshuì  ―  to pay taxes

9. (obsolete) abundant; sufficient; plentiful
10. (literary) to preserve

    • 不賂者以賂者喪。蓋失強援，不能獨完，故曰弊在賂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      不赂者以赂者丧。盖失强援，不能独完，故曰弊在赂秦也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: 11th century, Su Xun, 六國論

      Bù lù zhě yǐ lù zhě sàng. Gài shī qiángyuán, bùnéng dú wán, gù yuē bì zài lù Qín yě. [Pinyin]

      (please add an English translation of this example)

11. (literary) to build; to repair; to renovate

    • 溥彼韓城，燕師所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
      溥彼韩城，燕师所完。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Pǔ bǐ Hán chéng, Yān shī suǒ wán. [Pinyin]

      Large is the wall of [the city of] Han,
      Built by the multitudes of Yan.

    • 父母使舜完廩，捐階，瞽瞍焚廩。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      父母使舜完廪，捐阶，瞽瞍焚廪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

      From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

      Fùmǔ shǐ Shùn wán lǐn, juān jiē, Gǔ Sǒu fén lǐn. [Pinyin]

      His parents set Shun to repair a granary, to which, the ladder having been removed, Gu Sou set fire.

12. (historical) an ancient light punishment
13. a surname

Synonyms

• (whole):

edit

Synonyms of 完

全 (quán) 全部 (quánbù) (attributive) 加尼 (Min Nan) 十足 (shízú) 完全 (wánquán) 完具 (wánjù) (literary) 完整 (wánzhěng)

整 (zhěng) 了當／了当 (liǎodàng) 俱備／俱备 (jùbèi) (literary) 全備／全备 (quánbèi) 囫圇／囫囵 (húlún) 囫圇個／囫囵个 (húlúngè) (colloquial) 完備／完备 (wánbèi)

整個／整个 (zhěnggè) (attributive) 整齊／整齐 (zhěngqí) 渾然／浑然 (húnrán) 滿／满 (mǎn) 齊備／齐备 (qíbèi) 齊全／齐全 (qíquán)

• (Used after a verb): 盡／尽 (jìn)
• (Cantonese) (Used after a verb): 嗮 (sài)
• (Hakka) (Used after a verb): 撇

See also

• (Used after a verb): 了 (le)
• (Cantonese) (Used after a verb): 咗

Compounds

不完全是 完了 (wánliǎo) 完事 (wánshì) 完人 (wánrén) 完全 (wánquán) 完全中立 完全平方 完全立方 完全肥料 完全花 完具 (wánjù) 完卵 完善 (wánshàn) 完好 (wánhǎo) 完好如初 (wánhǎorúchū) 完婚 (wánhūn) 完完全全 (wánwánquánquán) 完封 (wánfēng) 完工 (wángōng) 完成 (wánchéng) 完房 完整 (wánzhěng) 完璧 (wánbì) 完稿 (wángǎo)

完竣 完美 (wánměi) 完聚 完蛋 (wándàn) 完足 (wánzú) 未完 (wèiwán) 玩完 (wánwán) 用完 (yòngwán) 短褐不完 鹿裘不完 乘凶完配 衣不完采 不完全葉／不完全叶 劉完素／刘完素 完備／完备 (wánbèi) 完全小學／完全小学 完全就業／完全就业 (wánquán jiùyè) 完全打擊／完全打击 完全數／完全数 (wánquánshù) 完全比賽／完全比赛 完全燃燒／完全燃烧 完全葉／完全叶 完全變態／完全变态 完好無缺／完好无缺 (wánhǎowúquē)

完滿／完满 (wánmǎn) 完璧歸趙／完璧归赵 (wánbìguīzhào) 完畢／完毕 (wánbì) 完稅／完税 (wánshuì) 完稅貨價／完税货价 完糧／完粮 完結／完结 (wánjié) 完結篇／完结篇 完美主義／完美主义 (wánměi zhǔyì) 完美無缺／完美无缺 (wánměiwúquē) 完膚／完肤 (wánfū) 完達山脈／完达山脉 完顏／完颜 (Wányán) 完飯／完饭 沒了沒完／没了没完 沒完／没完 (méiwán) 沒完沒了／没完没了 (méiwánméiliǎo) 玩兒完／玩儿完 (wánrwán) 神完氣足／神完气足 肌無完膚／肌无完肤 補完／补完 (bǔwán) 覆巢之下無完卵／覆巢之下无完卵 (fùcháozhīxiàwúwánluǎn) 身無完膚／身无完肤 體無完膚／体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)

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Japanese

Kanji

完

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan)
• Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
• Kun: まったい (mattai, 完い); まっとう (mattou, 完う)

Compounds

Compounds

• 完(かん)成(せい) (kansei): completion, finish; to become complete or finished
• 完(かん)全(ぜん) (kanzen): complete, perfect; faultless
• 完(かん)品(ぴん) (kanpin): faultless article
• 完(かん)了(りょう) (kanryō): completion, finish; to complete or finish something

Etymology

Kanji in this term
完
かん Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC ɦuɑn).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) か​ん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. complete, perfect, infallible, faultless
2. to complete, to finish

Noun

完(かん) • (kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. The End; Finis (used at the end of a novel, movie, etc.)

Suffix

完(かん) • (-kan) ^{←くわん (kwan)?}

1. completion; conclusion; end
2. fully provided

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 完 (MC ɦuɑn).

Hanja

Wikisource完 (eumhun 완전할 완 (wanjeonhal wan))

1. Hanja form^? of 완 (“complete; whole”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 완전 (完全, wanjeon, “complete; whole”)
• 완성 (完成, wanseong, “completion”)
• 완벽 (完璧, wanbyeok, “perfection”)
• 완료 (完了, wallyo, “completion”)
• 완결 (完結, wan'gyeol, “conclusion”)
• 완패 (完敗, wanpae, “defeat”)
• 미완성 (未完成, miwanseong, “incompletion”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

完: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn

1. complete (used only as part of a compounds)

Compounds

• hoàn hảo (“successfully done, perfect”) (完好)
• hoàn thiện (“to complete, to perfect”) (完善)
• hoàn thành (“to accomplish, to finish, to complete”) (完成)