守

守

守 U+5B88, 守 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B88 ← 宇 [U+5B87] CJK Unified Ideographs 安 → [U+5B89]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

守 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十木戈 (JDI), four-corner 3034₂, composition ⿱宀寸)

References

• KangXi: page 282, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7071
• Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 912, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5B88

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		守
alternative forms		㝊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 守
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (守) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
守	*qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus
狩	*qʰljus

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“roof; building”) + 寸 (“hand”); to guard, keep, or defend.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǒu (shou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú
• Min Bei (KCR): siǔ
• Min Dong (BUC): siū
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): siú / chiú / chiúⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siu²

• Wu (Wiktionary): seu (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
    • Wade–Giles: shou³
    • Yale: shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
    • Palladius: шоу (šou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sau²
    • Yale: sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: su`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su³
    • Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú
    • Tâi-lô: siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siuo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ɕiu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiú
    • Tâi-lô: tsiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiúⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiúnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiũ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiũ⁵³/

Note:

• siú - literary;
• chiú/chiúⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: seu (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɜ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɕɨu^X/, /ɕɨu^H/

Rime
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	書九切	舒救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨuX/	/ɕɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiuX/	/ɕiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiəuX/	/ɕiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuwX/	/ɕuwH/
Li Rong	/ɕiuX/	/ɕiuH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəuX/	/ɕĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ə̯uX/	/ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǒu	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau2	sau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tuʔ/, /*s.tuʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰljuʔ/, /*qʰljus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǒu	shòu
Middle Chinese	‹ syuwX ›	‹ syuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tuʔ/	/*s.tuʔ-s/
English	keep, guard	territory in somebody"s guard, fief
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11666	11668
Phonetic component	守	守
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	首	狩
Old Chinese	/*qʰljuʔ/	/*qʰljus/
Notes	從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事， 或許肘亦聲

Definitions

守

1. to keep; to maintain; to preserve
2. to abide by; to follow; to comply with
3. to defend; to protect; to keep watch
4. to approach; to come closer; to draw near
5. 57th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "guardedness" (𝌾)
6. a surname

Synonyms

• (to keep):

edit

保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds) 保守 (bǎoshǒu)

保持 (bǎochí) 把牢 (bǎláo)

維持／维持 (wéichí) 維繫／维系 (wéixì)

• (to abide by):

edit

佩服 (pèifú) (literary) 遵奉 (zūnfèng)

遵守 (zūnshǒu) 遵循 (zūnxún)

遵照 (zūnzhào) 遵從／遵从 (zūncóng)

• (to defend):

edit

Synonyms of 守

守候 (shǒuhòu) 防 (fáng) (literary, or in compounds) 防守 (fángshǒu) 保衛／保卫 (bǎowèi) 呵護／呵护 (hēhù)

守衛／守卫 (shǒuwèi) 守護／守护 (shǒuhù) 戍衛／戍卫 (shùwèi) 捍衛／捍卫 (hànwèi)

看護／看护 (kānhù) 衛護／卫护 (wèihù) 護衛／护卫 (hùwèi) 防衛／防卫 (fángwèi)

• (to approach):

edit

Synonyms of 守

挨著／挨着 (āizhe) 搭倚 (Min Nan) 沾 (zhān) 近前 (jìnqián) (literary)

靠近 (kàojìn) 接觸／接触 (jiēchù) 攏／拢 (lǒng) (literary, or in compounds) 攏邊／拢边 (Xiang)

涉獵／涉猎 (shèliè) 觸及／触及 (chùjí) 靠攏／靠拢 (kàolǒng)

Compounds

Derived terms from 守

一麾出守 不守 不守本分 保守 (bǎoshǒu) 保守派 (bǎoshǒupài) 信守 (xìnshǒu) 信守不渝 典守 困守 固守 (gùshǒu) 坐守 (zuòshǒu) 城守 墨守 墨守成法 太守 (tàishǒu) 失守 (shīshǒu) 奈守 奉公守法 (fènggōngshǒufǎ) 守信 (shǒuxìn) 守候 (shǒuhòu) 守分 (shǒufèn) 守制 守口如瓶 (shǒukǒurúpíng) 守吏 守土 守夜 (shǒuyè) 守孝 (shǒuxiào) 守密 守寡 (shǒuguǎ) 守屋 守常 守庚申 守府 守成 (shǒuchéng) 守把 (shǒubǎ) 守拙 (shǒuzhuó) 守更 守望 (shǒuwàng) 守望相助 (shǒuwàngxiāngzhù) 守株伺兔 守株待兔 (shǒuzhūdàitù) 守正不回 守正不移 守正不阿 守死 守死善道 守法 (shǒufǎ) 守活寡 (shǒuhuóguǎ) 守舍 守藏 守身 (shǒushēn) 守身如玉 守身若玉 守陵 安分守己 (ānfènshǒujǐ) 安守本分 官守 (guānshǒu) 巡守 (xúnshǒu) 恪守 (kèshǒu) 恪守成式 戍守 (shùshǒu) 才守 扼守 (èshǒu) 把守 (bǎshǒu)

抱令守律 拒守 拘俗守常 拘守 持盈守成 撤守 操守 (cāoshǒu) 攻守 (gōngshǒu) 攻守同盟 (gōngshǒu tóngméng) 有守 株守 (zhūshǒu) 正己守道 死守 (sǐshǒu) 法守 活守寡 熬清守淡 牧守 (mùshǒu) 留守 (liúshǒu) 盯人防守 看守 (kānshǒu) 看守所 (kānshǒusuǒ) 知白守黑 知雄守雌 神不守舍 神守 自守 退守 (tuìshǒu) 遵守 (zūnshǒu) 郡守 (jùnshǒu) 防守 (fángshǒu) 魂不守宅 魂不守舍 (húnbùshǒushè) 一錢太守／一钱太守 (yī qián tàishǒu) 不守婦道／不守妇道 不守小節／不守小节 不守細行／不守细行 以攻為守／以攻为守 (yǐgōngwéishǒu) 伏櫪守株／伏枥守株 保守主義／保守主义 (bǎoshǒu zhǔyì) 保殘守缺／保残守缺 創業守成／创业守成 嚴守／严守 (yánshǒu) 因循守舊／因循守旧 (yīnxúnshǒujiù) 執守／执守 堅守／坚守 (jiānshǒu) 墨守成規／墨守成规 (mòshǒuchéngguī) 守備／守备 (shǒubèi) 守備率／守备率 守先待後／守先待后 守則／守则 (shǒuzé) 守勢／守势 (shǒushì) 守喪／守丧 (shǒusāng) 守宮／守宫 (shǒugōng) 守宮砂／守宫砂 守時／守时 (shǒushí) 守業／守业 (shǒuyè) 守正不撓／守正不挠 守歲／守岁 (shǒusuì) 守禦／守御 (shǒuyù) 守節／守节 (shǒujié) 守節不回／守节不回 守節不移／守节不移 守約／守约 (shǒuyuē) 守約施博／守约施博

守經達權／守经达权 守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù) 守衛／守卫 (shǒuwèi) 守視／守视 守護／守护 (shǒuhù) 守護神／守护神 (shǒuhùshén) 守貞／守贞 (shǒuzhēn) 守財奴／守财奴 (shǒucáinú) 守財虜／守财虏 守道安貧／守道安贫 守錢奴／守钱奴 守錢虜／守钱虏 守門員／守门员 (shǒuményuán) 守靈／守灵 (shǒulíng) 安分守紀／安分守纪 安貧守道／安贫守道 廝守／厮守 (sīshǒu) 待時守分／待时守分 忠於職守／忠于职守 怠忽職守／怠忽职守 恪守成憲／恪守成宪 戰守／战守 抱殘守缺／抱残守缺 (bàocánshǒuquē) 抱誠守真／抱诚守真 括囊守祿／括囊守禄 持盈守虛／持盈守虚 擅離職守／擅离职守 據守／据守 (jùshǒu) 教戰守策／教战守策 易守難攻／易守难攻 有虧職守／有亏职守 杜門株守／杜门株守 棄守／弃守 (qìshǒu) 清淨守節／清净守节 獨守尺寸／独守尺寸 獨守空房／独守空房 甘貧守分／甘贫守分 甘貧守志／甘贫守志 甘貧守節／甘贫守节 白頭相守／白头相守 白髮相守／白发相守 盡忠職守／尽忠职守 (jìnzhōngzhíshǒu) 監守／监守 (jiānshǒu) 監守自盜／监守自盗 (jiānshǒuzìdào) 看守內閣／看守内阁 砥節守公／砥节守公 緊守／紧守 義守大學／义守大学 習故守常／习故守常 職守／职守 (zhíshǒu) 行監坐守／行监坐守 補殘守缺／补残守缺 謫守／谪守 (zhéshǒu) 謹守／谨守 (jǐnshǒu) 逆取順守／逆取顺守 鎮守／镇守 (zhènshǒu) 長相廝守／长相厮守 閉關自守／闭关自守 青年守則／青年守则 靜守／静守 順守／顺守 駐守／驻守 (zhùshǒu) 鰥守／鳏守 黃堂太守／黄堂太守

References

• “守”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

守

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. protect, defend, watch over

Synonyms

• (protect): 衛, 仗

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō); す (su, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
• Kun: かみ (kami, 守); こう (kō, 守); もる (moru, 守る); もり (mori, 守); もり (mori, 守り, Jōyō); まもる (mamoru, 守る, Jōyō); まもり (mamori, 守); まもり (mamori, 守り); まぼる (maboru, 守る); まぶる (maburu, 守る)
• Nanori: う (u); し (shi); て (te); まもる (mamoru); も (mo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 井(い)守(もり) (imori): salamander, newt
• 死守(ししゅ) (shishu)
• 守衛(しゅえい) (shuei)
• 守禦(しゅぎょ) (shugyo)
• 守護(しゅご) (shugo)
• 守護神(しゅごしん) (shugoshin): a tutelary deity
• 守株(しゅしゅ) (shushu)
• 守戍(しゅじゅ) (shuju)
• 守備(しゅび) (shubi)
• 肥(ひ)後(ごの)守(かみ) (higonokami)
• 守宮(やもり) (yamori), 守宮(しゅきゅう) (shukyū), 家(や)守(もり) (yamori): gecko
• 家(や)守(もり) (yamori): guarding a house, or a person who does such; real estate agent in the Edo period
• 留守(るす) (rusu): absence

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
守
もり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (moru, “to protect, to watch over”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

• 守り

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) も​り [móꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

守(もり) • (mori) 

1. a watchman, a keeper (as of a lighthouse), a caretaker
2. a nursemaid, a babysitter

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
守
まもる Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ma̠mo̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Proper noun

守(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
守
まもり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

• 守り

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ma̠mo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

守(まもり) • (mamori) 

1. standing watch, standing guard
2. a watchman, a guard (especially at a castle or fort)
3. divine protection from misfortune
4. a god or spirit providing such protection
5. a ward, charm, talisman, or other item providing divine protection
6. short for 守り刀, 守刀 (mamorigatana, “protection sword”, sword always kept at one's side for personal protection)
7. a seal or coat of arms using a 守り札 (mamorifuda, “charm tag”), 守り袋 (mamoribukuro, “charm bag”), or similar charm for the design

Synonyms

• (watchman): 守備(しゅび) (shubi); 警備(けいび) (keibi); 警護(けいご) (keigo)
• (divine protector): 守(まも)り神(がみ) (mamorigami); 守護神(しゅごしん) (shugoshin)
• (charm): お守(まも)り (omamori); 守(まも)り札(ふだ) (mamorifuda); 護符(ごふ) (gofu); 守(まも)り袋(ぶくろ) (mamoribukuro)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
守
まぼり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of mamori.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ma̠bo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

守(まぼり) • (mabori) 

1. see mamori above

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
守
まぶり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of mabori.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ma̠bɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

守(まぶり) • (maburi) 

1. see mamori above

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
守
しゅ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 守.

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) しゅ​ [shúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕɨᵝ]

Noun

守(しゅ) • (shu) 

1. (archaic) used when listing an official's titles when there are two or more (compare English cum)
2. short for 守護 (shugo, “protection, protector”)
3. (archaic) short for 国守 (kokushu, “head administrator of a kuni in the old Ritsuryō system”)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
守
かみ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From the sense of being above in rank and status. Essentially of the same meaning as 上 (kami, “above”), but spelled 守 to convey a sense of “watching” or “overseeing”. This spelling is an example of jukujikun or ateji used for the meaning.

Alternative forms

• 長官

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ka̠mʲi]

Noun

守(かみ) • (kami) 

1. (archaic) under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the highest of the four ranks of civil servant staff, and general term for head administrators of government departments
2. (archaic) in the first year of the new Meiji era government established in 1868, the title of the seven heads of all government bureaus except the 総裁局 (Sōsai Kyoku, “Bureau of the President”), whose head was titled 総裁 (Sōsai, “president” or “director general”)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
守
こう Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of kami.

/kami/ → /kamu/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ː]

Noun

守(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)?}

1. (obsolete) see kami above; used in obsolete titles

Derived terms

The following are all titles in the old Ritsuryō system.

• 守(こう)の君(きみ) (kō no kimi)
• 守(こう)の殿(との) (kō no tono)
• 守(こう)の主(ぬし) (kō no nushi)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

守 (eumhun 지킬 수 (jikil su))

1. Hanja form^? of 수 (“protection”).

Compounds

• 보수 (保守, bosu, “conservative”)
• 수호 (守護, suho, “protection; safeguard”)
• 수비 (守備, subi, “defense”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

守: Hán Nôm readings: thú, thủ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.