孤寂

孤寂

Chinese

		lone; lonely	lonesome
trad. (孤寂)		孤	寂
simp. #(孤寂)		孤	寂

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gūjì, gūjí

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˋ, ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gu¹ zik⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): ko͘-che̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūjì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gujì
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-chi⁴
    • Yale: gū-jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gujih
    • Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ t͡ɕi⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 估計／估计 孤寂

      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gūjí
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gují
    • Wade–Giles: ku¹-chi²
    • Yale: gū-jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gujyi
    • Palladius: гуцзи (guczi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku⁵⁵ t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gu¹ zik⁶
    • Yale: gū jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gu¹ dzik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gu¹ jig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuː⁵⁵ t͡sɪk̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-che̍k
    • Tâi-lô: koo-tsi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kozek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕiɪk̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuo  d͡zek̚/

Rime
Character	孤	寂
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	IV
Fanqie	古胡切	前歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuo/	/d͡zek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuo/	/d͡zek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ko/	/d͡zɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɔ/	/d͡zɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/ko/	/d͡zek̚/
Wang Li	/ku/	/d͡ziek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuo/	/d͡zʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gū	jí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gu1	zik6

Adjective

孤寂

1. lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate

   《百年孤寂》  ―  “Bǎi Nián Gūjì”  ―  One Hundred Years of Solitude

   • 時人見余守孤寂，為言一生無所益。余則閒吟孤寂章，始知光陰不虛擲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     时人见余守孤寂，为言一生无所益。余则闲吟孤寂章，始知光阴不虚掷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 800, Danxia Tianran, 《孤寂吟》

     Shírén jiàn yú shǒu gūjì, wèi yán yīshēng wúsuǒ yì. Yú zé xián yín gūjì zhāng, shǐ zhī guāngyīn bù xūzhì. [Pinyin]

     When people these days see me remain in my lonesomeness, they say that I have had no profit my entire life. But when I leisurely recite my works of solitude, only then do I know I have not squandered my days.

   • 掃地焚香晝掩關，此身孤寂此心閑。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: c. 1600, 善修 (Seonsu), 《山中閑咏》 ("Leisurely tunes amid the mountains"), 《浮休堂大師集》 (Works of Great Master Buhyu-dang)

     Soji bunhyang ju eom gwan, cha sin gojeok cha sim han. [Sino-Korean]

     Sweeping the floor and burning incense, shutting the doors during day―this body of mine is desolate, but this spirit of mine is leisurely.

Synonyms

edit

孤孑 (gūjié) (literary) 寂寞 (jìmò) 寂寥 (jìliáo) 挑另 (Min Nan)

索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Min Dong) 孤單／孤单 (gūdān) 孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孤寂):

• → Korean: 고적(孤寂) (gojeok)
• → Vietnamese: cô tịch (孤寂)