孔雀

孔雀

Chinese

		hole; surname	bird; lentigo; sparrow
simp. and trad. (孔雀)		孔	雀

Etymology

孔 (kǒng, “peacock”) + 雀 (què); see 孔 (kǒng).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǒngquè

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hung² zoek³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kuung² diak²

• Gan (Wiktionary): 'kung³ qioh⁶
• Jin (Wiktionary): kung² qieh⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): khóng-chhiok / khóng-chhiak
• Wu (Wiktionary): khon jiaq (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǒngquè
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄑㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǒngcyuè
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung³-chʻüeh⁴
    • Yale: kǔng-chywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongchiueh
    • Palladius: кунцюэ (kuncjue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung² zoek³
    • Yale: húng jeuk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung² dzoek⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung² zêg³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ³⁵ t͡ʃœːk̚³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kuung² diak²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɵŋ⁵⁵ tiak̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'kung³ qioh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈkʰuŋ²¹³⁻¹³ t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kung² qieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxũŋ⁵³ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiok
    • Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Penang): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng-chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: khóng-tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofngchiag
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕʰiak̚³²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: khon jiaq (T2)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ³³ t͡ɕia̱ʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰuŋ^X  t͡sɨɐk̚/

Rime
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	陽 (107)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	康董切	即略切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡siɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡siɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwŋX/	/t͡sɨak̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡siak̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡sĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuŋX/	/t͡si̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǒng	jue
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung2	zoek3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤoŋʔ  [ts]ewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰloːŋʔ  ʔsewɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒng	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwngX ›	‹ tsjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁoŋʔ/	/*[ts]ewk/
English	(surname)	sparrow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孔	雀
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7489	10745
Phonetic component	孔	雀
Rime group	東	藥
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	孔	爵
Old Chinese	/*kʰloːŋʔ/	/*ʔsewɢ/
Notes	金文象就乳，與古候切從子殼聲字（說文乳也）同源

Noun

孔雀

1. peacock; peafowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c)

Synonyms

• (literary, or in compounds) 孔 (kǒng)

Derived terms

孔雀女 (kǒngquènǚ) 孔雀座 孔雀王朝 (Kǒngquè Wángcháo) 孔雀石 (kǒngquèshí) 孔雀舞 (kǒngquèwǔ) 孔雀東南飛／孔雀东南飞

孔雀綠／孔雀绿 孔雀藍／孔雀蓝 孔雀開屏／孔雀开屏 小實孔雀豆／小实孔雀豆 屏開金孔雀／屏开金孔雀

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (孔雀):

• → Japanese: 孔(く)雀(じゃく) (kujaku); 孔(く)雀(ざく) (kuzaku)
• → Korean: 공작(孔雀) (gongjak)
• → Vietnamese: khổng tước (孔雀)

Others:

• → Zhuang: gungjcoz
• → Salar: kunse

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
孔	雀
く Grade: S	じゃく Jinmeiyō
goon	kan’yōon

/kuᵑ sʲakʉ/ → /kuⁿzʲakʉ/ → /kuʑaku/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC kʰuŋ^X t͡sɨɐk̚).

First cited in the Wamyō Ruijushō of roughly 934.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) くじゃく [kùjákú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) • (kujaku) 

1. [circa 934] a peafowl

   Hypernym: 雉 (kiji)

2. [1768] (historical, colloquial) a upper-class prostitute especially in Edo-period Yoshiwara

   from their gold-threaded patterns of peafowl, fenghuang, etc. on their fine clothes

3. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with a design of a peacock's expanded tailfeathers

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クジャク.
• The genders can be distinguished by using 雄 (osu) and 雌 (mesu), as in 雄クジャク (osu kujaku, “peacock”) and 雌クジャク (mesu kujaku, “peahen”).

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう) (Kujaku Ō)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)王(おう)朝(ちょう) (Kujaku Ōchō)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)貝(ガイ) (kujakugai)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)経(きょう) (Kujaku-kyō)
• くじゃく座(ざ) (Kujaku-za)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)サボテン (kujaku saboten)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)羊歯(シダ) (kujaku shida)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)絞(しぼ)り (kujaku shibori)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)石(せき) (kujakuseki)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)草(ソウ) (kujakusō)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)染(ぞ)め (kujaku-zome)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)炭(たん) (kujakutan)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椿(ツバキ) (kujaku tsubaki)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の木(き) (kujaku no ki)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の間(ま) (kujaku no ma)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)鳩(バト) (kujakubato)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)檜(ヒ)葉(バ) (kujaku hiba)
• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)明(みょう)王(おう) (Kujaku Myōō)
• 孔(ク)雀(ジャク)椰(ヤ)子(シ) (kujaku yashi)
• 印(イン)度(ド)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Indo kujaku)
• 薄(ウス)葉(バ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (usuba kujaku)
• 沖(オキ)縄(ナワ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (Okinawa kujaku)
• 乙女(オトメ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (otome kujaku)
• 小(コ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (kokujaku)
• 白(シロ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (shirokujaku)
• 紅(べに)孔(く)雀(じゃく) (beni kujaku)
• 真(マ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (makujaku)
• 舞(マイ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (maikujaku)
• 藪(ヤブ)孔(ク)雀(ジャク) (yabukujaku)

Idioms

• 孔(く)雀(じゃく)の卵(たまご) (kujaku no tamago)
• 鳶(とび)が孔(く)雀(じゃく)を生(う)む (tobi ga kujaku o umu)

Proper noun

孔(く)雀(じゃく) • (Kujaku) 

1. (astronomy, colloquial) Short for くじゃく座 (Kujaku-za): Pavo

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
孔	雀
く Grade: S	さく > ざく Jinmeiyō
goon

/kuᵑ sakʉ/ → /kuⁿzakʉ/ → /kuzaku/

A variant shift from Middle Chinese 孔雀 (MC kʰuŋ^X t͡sɨɐk̚).

First cited in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999.[1]

Noun

孔(く)雀(ざく) • (kuzaku) 

1. [circa 999] (rare, obsolete) a peafowl

See also

• ピーコック (pīkokku, “peacock”)

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
孔	雀

Noun

孔雀 • (gongjak) (hangeul 공작)

1. Hanja form^? of 공작 (“peafowl”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
孔	雀

Noun

孔雀

1. chữ Hán form of khổng tước (“peafowl”).