子規

子規

Chinese

		child; son; (noun suffix) child; son; (noun suffix); small thing; seed; egg; 1st earthly branch; 11 pm-1 am; midnight	compass; rule
trad. (子規)		子	規
simp. (子规)		子	规
alternative forms		子鳺／子𱉎

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zǐguī

  (Zhuyin): ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi² kwai¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǐguī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗˇ ㄍㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǐhguei
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ³-kuei¹
    • Yale: dž-gwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyyguei
    • Palladius: цзыгуй (czyguj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ kweɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi² kwai¹
    • Yale: jí kwāi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi² kwai¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji² kuei¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵ kʷʰɐi̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡sɨ^X  kiuᴇ/

Rime
Character	子	規
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	即里切	居隋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sɨX/	/kiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sɨX/	/kʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sieX/	/kjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sɨX/	/kwiə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡siəX/	/kiue/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭəX/	/kǐwe/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡siX/	/kwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zǐ	guī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi2	gwai1

Noun

子規

1. (～鳥) cuckoo

   • 冥冥子規叫，微徑不敢取。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     冥冥子规叫，微径不敢取。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 759 CE, Du Fu, At Dharma Mirror Temple (《法鏡寺》)

     Míngmíng zǐguī jiào, wēijìng bùgǎn qǔ. [Pinyin]

     Dark in the distance the cuckoo crows Go Go,
     The narrow path to the temple I dare not seek.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 子規

杜宇 (dùyǔ) (literary) 可穀／可谷 (dialectal) 姑姑蟲／姑姑虫 (Jin) 子規鳥／子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo) 布穀／布谷 (bùgǔ) 布穀鳥／布谷鸟 (bùgǔniǎo) 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān)

杜鵑鳥／杜鹃鸟 (dùjuānniǎo) 種穀蟲兒／种谷虫儿 (Jin) 穀穀鳥／谷谷鸟 (dialectal) 豆仔鳥／豆仔鸟 (Min Nan) 陽雀子／阳雀子 (Xiang) 鳲鳩／鸤鸠 (shījiū) (literary)

Derived terms

子規鳥／子规鸟 (zǐguīniǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (子規):

• → Japanese: 子規(しき) (shiki)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
子	規
し Grade: 1	き Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 子規 (MC t͡sɨ^X kiuᴇ).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) し​き [shíꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• (Tokyo) しき​ [shìkíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɕikʲi]

Noun

子(し)規(き) • (shiki) 

1. Synonym of ほととぎす (hototogisu): the lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus

Proper noun

子(し)規(き) • (Shiki) 

1. Short for 正岡子規 (Masaoka Shiki): Meiji-period author, poet, and literary critic

Derived terms

• 子(し)規(き)忌(き) (Shiki-ki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
子	規
ほととぎす
Grade: 1	Grade: 5
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 子規 – see the following entry.

【ほととぎすホトトギス】 [noun] the lesser cuckoo, Cuculus poliocephalus Alternative spellings 子規, 時鳥, 杜宇, 杜鵑, 田鵑, 蜀魂, 郭公, 不如帰, ほととぎす

(This term, 子規, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from shiki above.

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN