姜

See also: 薑

姜	U+59DC, 姜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DC

← 姛
[U+59DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

姝 →
[U+59DD]

Translingual

Han character

姜 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿土女 (TGV), four-corner 8040₄, composition ⿱𦍌女)

Derived characters

𠷩, 𡟜, 𤟲, 𣕞, 𤚖, 𥔣, 𨃇, 𨩍, 𩝅, 𩹖, 𦍯, 𨜰, 𡟿, 𦎛, 𡡭, 葁

References

KangXi: page 259, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6205

Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 21

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1047, character 11

Unihan data for U+59DC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姜
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
样	ʔslaːŋ, laŋ
佯	zlaŋ, laŋ
詳	ljaŋ, laŋ
洋	ljaŋ, laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	ljaŋ, laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	laŋ, laŋʔ
眻	laŋ, laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaŋ) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”)

Etymology 1

trad.		姜
simp. ^#		姜

Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāng (jiang¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khiuⁿ / kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong
(Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
  - Wade–Giles: chiang¹
  - Yale: jyāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
  - Palladius: цзян (czjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: goeng¹
  - Yale: gēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: giong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qviw
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiũ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiunn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kionn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
  - Tâi-lô: khiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
  - Tâi-lô: khiang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

khiuⁿ - vernacular (surname in Quanzhou);
kiuⁿ/kioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 埔姜);
khiong/khiang - literary (surname in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan);
kiong - literary (limited, e.g. 范姜).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /kɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goeng¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qaŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*klaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qaŋ/
English	a family name
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
No.	14530
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	薑
Old Chinese	/*klaŋ/

Definitions

姜

a surname
姜維／姜维 ― Jiāng Wéi ― Jiang Wei (military general of the state of Shu)
(mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)
- 神農居姜水，以為姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  神农居姜水，以为姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE
  Shénnóng jū Jiāngshuǐ, yǐ wèi xìng. [Pinyin]
  The Divine Farmer dwelt by the Jiang river, (whose name) he took as (his) surname.

Compounds

埔姜
姜家大被
姜巷 (Jiāngxiàng)
姜芋
姜被

姬姜
孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
海埔姜
范姜 (Fànjiāng)

姜黃／姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
賣良姜／卖良姜
齊姜／齐姜

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 姜 – see 薑 (“ginger”). (This character, 姜, is the simplified form of 薑.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

姜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō)
Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

Compounds

姜黄(きょうおう) (kyōō): wild turmeric

Korean

Hanja

姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)

a surname

Vietnamese

Han character

姜: Hán Nôm readings: Khương, khương, cưng, gừng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.