妨害

妨害

Chinese

		hinder; harm	to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
trad. (妨害)		妨	害
simp. #(妨害)		妨	害

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fánghài

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fòng-hoi
• Min Nan (POJ): hóng-hāi / hông-hāi / hong-hāi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: fánghài
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnghay
    • IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-hoi
    • Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ hoi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fong² hoi⁴
    • IPA: /foŋ¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hóng-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghai
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ haɪ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ haɪ²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hông-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ haɪ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ haɪ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hong-hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² haɪ²²/

Verb

妨害

1. to hinder; to impair; to interfere with; to harm; to damage

Derived terms

妨害公務罪／妨害公务罪

妨害風化罪／妨害风化罪 (fánghài fēnghuà zuì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (妨害):

• → Japanese: 妨害 (ぼうがい) (bōgai)
• → Korean: 방해 (妨害, banghae)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
妨	害
ぼう Grade: S	がい Grade: 4
on’yomi

Alternative forms

• 妨碍
• 妨礙

Noun

妨害 (hiragana ぼうがい, rōmaji bōgai)

1. obstructing someone or something; obstruction, interference

   妨害 (ぼうがい)をやめろ。

   Bōgai o yamero.

   Do not disturb!

Synonyms

• 邪 (じゃ)魔 (ま) (jama)

Verb

妨害する (hiragana ぼうがいする, rōmaji bōgai suru)

1. obstruct, disturb, stand in the way

Conjugation

Conjugation of "妨害する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Continuative (連用形)	妨害し	ぼうがいし	bōgai shi
Terminal (終止形)	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Attributive (連体形)	妨害する	ぼうがいする	bōgai suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	妨害すれ	ぼうがいすれ	bōgai sure
Imperative (命令形)	妨害せよ¹ 妨害しろ²	ぼうがいせよ¹ ぼうがいしろ²	bōgai seyo¹ bōgai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	妨害される	ぼうがいされる	bōgai sareru
Causative	妨害させる 妨害さす	ぼうがいさせる ぼうがいさす	bōgai saseru bōgai sasu
Potential	妨害できる	ぼうがいできる	bōgai dekiru
Volitional	妨害しよう	ぼうがいしよう	bōgai shiyō
Negative	妨害しない	ぼうがいしない	bōgai shinai
Negative continuative	妨害せず	ぼうがいせず	bōgai sezu
Formal	妨害します	ぼうがいします	bōgai shimasu
Perfective	妨害した	ぼうがいした	bōgai shita
Conjunctive	妨害して	ぼうがいして	bōgai shite
Hypothetical conditional	妨害すれば	ぼうがいすれば	bōgai sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 妨 (さまた)げる (samatageru)

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.