如是

Chinese

		as (if); such as	this
trad. (如是)		如	是
simp. ^#(如是)		如	是

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rúshì
(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ si⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: rúshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨˊ ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rúshìh
  - Wade–Giles: ju²-shih⁴
  - Yale: rú-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rushyh
  - Palladius: жуши (žuši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jyu⁴ si⁶
  - Yale: yùh sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ siː²²/

Middle Chinese: /ȵɨʌ|ȵɨʌ^H d͡ʑiᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	如	如	是
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	人諸切	人恕切	承紙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/	/d͡ʑiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/d͡ʑiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/	/d͡ʑjɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/	/d͡ʑiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/	/ʑie^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/	/ʑǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/	/ʑie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rú	rù	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu⁴	jyu⁶	si⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*na [d]eʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*nja|njas djeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	如	如	是
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rú	rú	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ nyo ›	‹ nyo ›	‹ dzye^X ›
Old Chinese	/*na/	/*na/	/*[d]eʔ/
English	go to	as, like, if	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	如	如	是
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	9623	9631	11645
Phonetic component	女	女	是
Rime group	魚	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	如	洳	是
Old Chinese	/*nja/	/*njas/	/*djeʔ/
Notes			金文從早從止，馬敘倫謂正加射的。按象對準目標行進，表所行正確

Adjective

如是

(literary) like this; so; such
- 莊王怪而問曰：「寡人德薄，又未嘗異子，子何故出死不疑如是？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  庄王怪而问曰：“寡人德薄，又未尝异子，子何故出死不疑如是？” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. 77 B.C.E., 劉向 (Liu Xiang), 《說苑》 (Garden of Stories), chapter 6
  Zhuāngwáng guài ér wèn yuē: “Guǎrén débó, yòu wèicháng yì zǐ, zǐ hégù chūsǐ bù yí rúshì?” [Pinyin]
  King Zhuang thought it strange, and asked him, "I am not a particularly virtuous person, nor have I granted you any special favors. Why would you fight like this, as if your life depended on it?"

Synonyms

(literary) 如此 (rúcǐ)

Derived terms

日日如是 (rìrìrúshì)

如是我聞／如是我闻

Japanese

Kanji in this term
如	是
にょ Grade: S	ぜ Grade: S
goon

Etymology

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 如是 (MC ȵɨʌ d͡ʑiᴇ^X). Used to translate Sanskrit एवम् (evam, “such, thus”).[1][2]

First cited to the Buddhist text 勝鬘経義疏 (Shōmangyō Gisho), part of the 三経義疏 (Sangyō Gisho) dated to 611.[1] The text is written in 漢文 (kanbun), a kind of specialized Classical Chinese adapted slightly for Japanese readers. The first citation in a definitively Japanese-language text might not be until the 正法眼蔵 (Shōbōgenzō) compiled during the years 1231–53.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) にょぜ [nyóꜜzè] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
IPA^(key): [ɲ̟o̞ze̞]

Noun

如(にょ)是(ぜ) • (nyoze)

[from 611] (Buddhism) like this
[from mid-1200s] (Buddhism) short for 十如是 (jū-nyoze): the ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect
[from mid-1200s] (Buddhism) expression of approval of something said by another person

Derived terms

如(にょ)是(ぜ)我(が)聞(もん) (nyoze gamon, “thus I hear”)
十(じゅう)如(にょ)是(ぜ) (jū-nyoze, “ten thusnesses of the Tendai sect”)

References

“如是”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] “如是”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[DDJS-2] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN