契
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Translingual
Han character
契 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 手竹大 (QHK), four-corner 57432, composition ⿱㓞大(GHTKV) or ⿱𭃌大(J))
Derived characters
- 偰, 喫, 揳, 楔, 猰, 瘈, 碶, 禊, 稧, 窫, 葜, 褉, 鍥/锲, 㓶, 㝣, 䚉/𬢐, 䝟, 䦬, 䫔, 䱮, 𢝛, 𣸲, 𤋸, 𤟐, 𤧃, 𦝜, 𦩣, 𧩶, 𧼪, 𨂰, 𨜒, 𨜣, 𩮁, 𩴅, 𪃈, 𪰳
References
- KangXi: page 251, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5917
- Dae Jaweon: page 513, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 536, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5951
- Unihan data for U+F909
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 契 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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夆 | *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds |
丯 | *kreːds |
瘛 | *kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed |
觢 | *ɡjeds |
契 | *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd |
栔 | *kʰeːds |
禊 | *ɡeːds |
稧 | *ɡeːds |
楔 | *kreːd, *sqʰeːd |
葜 | *kʰreːd |
猰 | *qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd |
窫 | *qreːd |
揳 | *sqʰeːd |
偰 | *sqʰeːd |
潔 | *keːd |
絜 | *keːd, *ɡeːd |
鍥 | *keːd, *kʰeːd |
挈 | *kʰeːd |
蛪 | *kʰeːd |
齧 | *ŋeːd |
褉 | *qʰeːd |
喫 | *ŋ̊ʰeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd) and ideogrammic compound (會意) : phonetic 㓞 (“to engrave”) + semantic 大 (“person”).
Etymology 1
trad. | 契 | |
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simp. # | 契 | |
alternative forms | 栔 |
Exopassive of 鍥 (OC *keːd, *kʰeːd, “to cut”): "what has been cut" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
契
- contract; deed
- to agree; to conform with; to tally with
- (literary) to carve; to engrave
- (literary) carved writing; engraved writing
- (Cantonese, Min Nan) adopted; adoptive; foster
Compounds
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Etymology 2
trad. | 契 | |
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simp. # | 契 |
Pronunciation
Definitions
契
- Only used in 契丹 (Qìdān, “the Khitans”).
Etymology 3
trad. | 契 | |
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simp. # | 契 | |
alternative forms | 偰 |
Pronunciation
Definitions
契
- Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)
Etymology 4
trad. | 契 | |
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simp. # | 契 |
Pronunciation
Definitions
契
- † Used in 契闊/契阔 (qièkuò, “assiduous; separate; etc.”).
- † Alternative form of 挈 (qiè, “to take; to carry”).
Compounds
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References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00864
- “契”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Shinjitai | 契 | |
Kyūjitai [1][2][3] | 契 契 or 契+ ︀ ? | |
契󠄁 契+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
契󠄅 契+ 󠄅 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
契󠄂 契+ 󠄂 ?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
契󠄄 契+ 󠄄 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- pledge (allegiance)
- commit oneself
- promise (loyalty)
Readings
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC kʰeiH); compare Mandarin 契 (qì):
- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC kʰet̚); compare Mandarin 契 (qiè):
- Go-on: けち (kechi)
- Kan-on: けつ (ketsu)
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set̚); compare Mandarin 契 (xiè):
- Go-on: せち (sechi)
- Kan-on: せつ (setsu)
From native Japanese roots:
- Kun: ちぎる (chigiru, 契る, Jōyō); あう (au, 契う)←あふ (afu, historical); ちぎり (chigiri, 契り); きざむ (kizamu, 契む); わりふ (warifu, 契)
- Nanori: ちぎり (chigiri); ちぎる (chigiru); ひさ (hisa)
Compounds
- 契丹 (Kitai)
- 契丹 (Kittan)
- 契印 (keiin)
- 契闊 (keikatsu)
- 契機 (keiki)
- 契契 (keikei)
- 契券 (keiken)
- 契合 (keigō)
- 契情 (keisei)
- 契刀 (keitō)
- 契文 (keibun)
- 契約 (keiyaku): contract, agreement
- 契闊 (kekkatsu)
- 契契 (ketsuketsu)
- 印契 (ingei)
- 交契 (kōkei)
- 心契 (shinkei)
- 符契 (fukei)
- 黙契 (mokkei)
Proper noun
契 • (Hisashi)
- a male given name
References
- “契”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia) (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
- 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 606 (paper), page 353 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
- 1927, 新漢和辭典 (Shin Kanwa Jiten, “The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 386 (paper), page 206 (digital), Ōsaka: 松雲堂 (Shōundō)
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC kʰeiH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kje̞(ː)] ~ [ke̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [계(ː)/게(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource契 (eumhun 맺을 계 (maejeul gye))
- Hanja form? of 계 (“contract, bond; deed; engrave”).
- Hanja form? of 계 (“a Korean rotating savings and credit association”).
Compounds
- 계약 (契約, gyeyak, “contract”)
- 계기 (契機, gyegi, “opportunity”)
- 계주 (契主, gyeju)
- 계원 (契員, gyewon)
- 계회 (契會, gyehoe)
- 계약서 (契約書, gyeyakseo)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC kʰet̚).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [결]
Hanja
契 (eumhun 애쓸 결 (aesseul gyeol))
- (literary) Hanja form? of 결 (“to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”).
Compounds
- 결활 (契闊, gyeolhwal, “to be assiduous; to work hard; to toil”)
- 결결 (契契, gyeolgyeol)
Etymology 3
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC kʰɨt̚).
Historical readings |
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Hanja
契 (eumhun 부족 이름 글 (bujok ireum geul))
- (historical) Hanja form? of 글 (“a tribe name”).
Compounds
- 글단 → 글안 → 거란 (契丹, Geuldan → Geuran → Georan, “the Khitans”)
- 글안장 → 거란장 (契丹▽場, geuranjang → georanjang)
Etymology 4
From Middle Chinese 契 (MC set̚).
Historical readings |
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Hanja
契 (eumhun 사람 이름 설 (saram ireum seol))
- Hanja form? of 설 (“used in personal names”).
- (historical) Hanja form? of 설 (“Xie (ancestor of the kings of the Shang dynasty)”).
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 23.
Vietnamese
Han character
契: Hán Nôm readings: khế, khé, khè, khía, khít, khẻ, khẽ, khịt
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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