夸

夸

See also: 誇

夸 U+5938, 夸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5938 ← 夷 [U+5937] CJK Unified Ideographs 夹 → [U+5939]

Translingual

Han character

夸 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大一一尸 (KMMS), four-corner 4020₇, composition ⿱大亏)

Derived characters

• 咵 袴 誇

References

• KangXi: page 250, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5854
• Dae Jaweon: page 509, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 526, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5938

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夸
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
侉	*qaːls
夸	*kʰʷraː
姱	*kʰʷraː
胯	*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨	*kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇	*kʰʷraː
垮	*kʰʷraːʔ
銙	*kʰʷraːʔ
骻	*kʰʷraːʔ
咵	*kʰʷraːʔ
釫	*ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦	*ɡʷraːs
鮬	*pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀	*qʰʷl'aː
扝	*kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳	*kʰʷaː
郀	*kʰʷaː
挎	*kʰʷaː
袴	*kʰʷaːs
絝	*kʰʷaːs
褲	*kʰʷaːs
恗	*qʰaː
洿	*ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠	*ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠	*ɢʷlaːʔ
污	*qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇	*qʷaː
圬	*qʷaː
鴮	*qʷaː
盓	*qʷaː
汙	*qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗	*qʰʷl'a
摴	*qʰʷl'a
荂	*pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩	*qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁	*qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱	*qʰʷa
訏	*qʰʷa
扜	*qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴	*qʰʷa
冔	*qʰʷaʔ
紆	*qʷa
陓	*qʷa
迂	*qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶	*qʷa
于	*ɢʷa
盂	*ɢʷa
竽	*ɢʷa
邘	*ɢʷa
玗	*ɢʷa
芋	*ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅	*ɢʷa
釪	*ɢʷa
骬	*ɢʷa
謣	*ɢʷla
宇	*ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 大 + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		夸

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuā (kua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kwaa¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuā
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kua
    • Wade–Giles: kʻua¹
    • Yale: kwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kua
    • Palladius: куа (kua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kwaa¹
    • Yale: kwā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kwaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: kua¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰaː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰˠua/

Rime
Character	夸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwaɨ/
Li Rong	/kʰua/
Wang Li	/kʰwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kwaa1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷʰ]ˤra/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	夸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuā
Middle Chinese	‹ khwæ ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʷʰ]ˁra/
English	boast
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	夸
Reading #	1/1
No.	15648
Phonetic component	于
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	誇
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷraː/

Definitions

夸

1. extravagant, luxurious, handsome

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuā (kua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuā
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kua
    • Wade–Giles: kʻua¹
    • Yale: kwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kua
    • Palladius: куа (kua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwä⁵⁵/

Definitions

夸

1. ^† beautiful

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuà (kua⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuà
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuà
    • Wade–Giles: kʻua⁴
    • Yale: kwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuah
    • Palladius: куа (kua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwä⁵¹/

Definitions

夸

1. ^† Alternative form of 跨 (kuà, “to cross over”).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kuǎ (kua³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuǎ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻua³
    • Yale: kwǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koa
    • Palladius: куа (kua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰwä²¹⁴/

Definitions

夸

1. ^† Only used in 夸𡗸.

Compounds

大言非夸 夸人 夸克 (kuākè) 夸姣 夸容

夸毗 夸父 (Kuā Fù) 夸父逐日 (kuāfùzhúrì) 夸特 (kuātè) 言大而夸

阿拉拉夸拉 (Ālālākuālā) 夸誕／夸诞 夸飾／夸饰 夸麗／夸丽 頂夸克／顶夸克 (dǐngkuākè)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 夸 – see 誇 (“to boast; to exaggerate; to praise; to commend; etc.”). (This character, 夸, is the simplified form of 誇.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

夸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. boast

Readings

• On (unclassified): こ (ko); か (ka)
• Kun: おごる (ogoru)

Compounds

• 夸克

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Korean

Hanja

夸 (eum 과 (gwa))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

夸: Hán Nôm readings: khoa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.