失礼
See also: 失禮
Chinese
| For pronunciation and definitions of 失礼 – see 失禮 (“to lack manners; to be impolite; to breach etiquette; I'm sorry; excuse me”). (This term, 失礼, is the simplified form of 失禮.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 失 | 礼 |
| しつ Grade: 4 | れい Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi | |
Etymology
Probably from Middle Chinese compound 失禮 (syit lejX, literally “lose, loss + propriety”). Compare modern Min Nan reading sit-lé.
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) しつれー [sh
ìtsúꜜrèè] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2] - IPA(key): [ɕi̥t͡sɨᵝɾe̞ː]
- (Tokyo) しつれー [sh
Adjective
失礼 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 失禮, -na inflection, hiragana しつれい, rōmaji shitsurei)
- rude, impolite, ill-mannered
- 失礼な人。
- Shitsurei na hito.
- A rude person.
- そういう言い方は失礼だ。
- Sō iu iikata wa shitsurei da.
- It's impolite to say it like that.
- 失礼ですが。
- Shitsurei desu ga.
- It's a rudeness, but... → I don't mean to be rude, but...
- 失礼な人。
Synonyms
- 無礼 (burei)
Noun
失礼 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 失禮, hiragana しつれい, rōmaji shitsurei)
- rudeness, impoliteness
- 失礼ですが。
- Shitsurei desu ga.
- It's a rudeness, but... → I don't mean to be rude, but...
- 失礼ですが。
Synonyms
- 無礼 (burei)
Interjection
失礼 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 失禮, hiragana しつれい, rōmaji shitsurei)
- I'm sorry, excuse me
Verb
失礼する (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 失禮する, hiragana しつれいする, rōmaji shitsurei suru)
- to be rude, to do something rude
Usage notes
Used idiomatically to mean excuse me or I'm sorry. Examples include:
- 失礼しました。
- Shitsurei shimashita.
- I was rude → I'm sorry. (in reference to a past action)
- では、失礼します。
- De wa, shitsurei shimasu.
- I will be rude → Excuse me (said at the end of a phone call just before hanging up)
- お先に失礼します。
- O-saki ni shitsurei shimasu.
- I will be rude by doing something first → Excuse me, I'm leaving now. (before other people leave)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "失礼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 失礼し | しつれいし | shitsurei shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 失礼し | しつれいし | shitsurei shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 失礼する | しつれいする | shitsurei suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 失礼する | しつれいする | shitsurei suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 失礼すれ | しつれいすれ | shitsurei sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 失礼せよ¹ 失礼しろ² | しつれいせよ¹ しつれいしろ² | shitsurei seyo¹ shitsurei shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 失礼される | しつれいされる | shitsurei sareru | |
| Causative | 失礼させる 失礼さす | しつれいさせる しつれいさす | shitsurei saseru shitsurei sasu | |
| Potential | 失礼できる | しつれいできる | shitsurei dekiru | |
| Volitional | 失礼しよう | しつれいしよう | shitsurei shiyō | |
| Negative | 失礼しない | しつれいしない | shitsurei shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 失礼せず | しつれいせず | shitsurei sezu | |
| Formal | 失礼します | しつれいします | shitsurei shimasu | |
| Perfective | 失礼した | しつれいした | shitsurei shita | |
| Conjunctive | 失礼して | しつれいして | shitsurei shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 失礼すれば | しつれいすれば | shitsurei sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
See also
- 失礼します (shitsurei shimasu)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.