天皇
Chinese
day; sky; heaven | emperor; surname | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (天皇) | 天 | 皇 | |
anagram | 皇天 |
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is etymology of Chinese sense?”)
Pronunciation
Noun
天皇
- king of heaven; heavenly sovereign; (figuratively) emperor
- emperor or empress (regnant) of Japan
Descendants
- → Japanese: 天皇 (tennō); 天皇 (tenkō)
- → Korean: 천황(天皇) (cheonhwang)
- → Vietnamese: thiên hoàng (天皇)
Japanese
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
てん Grade: 1 | おう > のう Grade: 6 |
goon |
/ten wau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenːɔː/ → /tenːoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ) with the original sense of “heavenly sovereign”.
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing from Middle Chinese. The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) てんのー [tèńnóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [tẽ̞nːo̞ː]
Noun
天皇 • (tennō) ←てんわう (tenwau)?
- an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- Synonyms: 内の上 (uchi no ue), 皇天 (kōten), 内裏 (dairi), 天子 (tenshi), 帝 (mikado)
- 天皇陛下 ― Tennō Heika ― Your/His Majesty the Emperor/Her Majesty the Empress (Regnant)
- 明正天皇 ― Meishō Tennō ― Empress Meishō
- 明治天皇 ― Meiji Tennō ― Emperor Meiji
- (usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate
- Synonym: 天子 (tenshi)
- (by extension) a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise
Derived terms
- 天皇旗 (Tennōki)
- 天皇記 (Tennōki)
- 天皇賞 (Tennōshō)
- 天皇機関説 (Tennō kikansetsu)
- 天皇制 (Tennōsei)
- 天皇誕生日 (Tennō Tanjōbi)
- 天皇杯 (Tennōhai)
- 天皇陛下 (Tennō Heika)
- 今上天皇 (Kinjō Tennō)
- 大行天皇 (taikō tennō)
- 太上天皇 (daijō tennō), 太上天皇 (dajō tennō)
- 追尊天皇 (tsuison tennō)
Related terms
- 皇帝 (kōtei, “emperor”, other than the Emperor of Japan)
- 大君 (ōkimi)
Descendants
- → English: tenno, Tenno, Tennou
- → English: God Emperor (calque)
- → German: Tenno, Tennou
- → Italian: tenno
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
てん Grade: 1 | こう Grade: 6 |
kan’on |
/ten kʷau/ → /tenkʷɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/
From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) てんこー [tèńkóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
- IPA(key): [tẽ̞ŋko̞ː]
Noun
天皇 • (tenkō) ←てんくわう (tenkwau)?
- (usually in Chinese contexts) an emperor, ruler, or other monarch with a heavenly mandate
- Synonym: 天子 (tenshi)
Proper noun
天皇 • (Tenkō) ←てんくわう (tenkwau)?
- (Chinese mythology) the first of the Three Sovereigns, possibly 伏羲 (Fukki, “Fu Xi”)
Related terms
- 地皇 (Chikō, the second)
- 人皇 (Jinkō, the third)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すべらぎ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇 |
/sumeraɡi/ → /suberaɡi/
Shift from sumeragi below, with the nasal /m/ becoming a plosive /b/.
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝbe̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]
Noun
天皇 • (suberagi)
- (archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
- 皇の花 (suberagi no hana)
- 今皇 (ima suberagi)
- 法の皇 (nori no suberagi)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらぎ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇 |
⟨sume1ro2ki1⟩ → */sumʲerəkʲi/ → */sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/
Possibly a shift from Old Japanese 天皇 (sume1ro2ki1).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]
Noun
天皇 • (sumeragi)
- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
- 皇 (Sumeragi)
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらぎみ | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “lord, master → sovereign”). The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲimʲi]
Noun
天皇 • (sumeragimi)
- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
すめらみこと | |
Grade: 1 | Grade: 6 |
jukujikun |
Alternative spelling |
---|
皇尊 |
From Old Japanese.
From 皇 (sumera-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mikoto, “Highness”).
The kanji spelling is from tennō above.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠mʲiko̞to̞]
Noun
天皇 • (sumeramikoto)
- (honorific, archaic) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- 始馭天下之天皇
- Hatsu Kunishirasu Sumeramikoto
- the First Founding Emperor
- 始馭天下之天皇
Derived terms
- 大倭根子天皇 (Ōyamatoneko no Sumeramikoto)
See also
- 園遊会 (en'yū-kai, “garden party”, (hosted by the emperor))
- 皇后 (kōgō, “Empress of Japan”)
- 皇室 (kōshitsu, “imperial court, imperial household”)
- 皇太子 (kōtaishi, “Prince”)
- 皇太子妃 (kōtaishihi, “Princess”)
- 親王 (shinnō, “Imperial Prince of Japan”)
- 殿下 (Denka, “Your/His/Her Highness”)
- 内親王 (naishinnō, “Princess of Japan”)
- 妃殿下 (hidenka, “Princess”)
- 宮家 (miyake, “the Prince’s family”)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Anagrams
- 皇天 (kōten)
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
Noun
天皇 • (cheonhwang) (hangeul 천황)
- Hanja form? of 천황 (“Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”).
Old Japanese
Etymology 1
Possibly from 皇 (sume1ro2-, apophonic form of sume1ra-, prefix of praise and respect) + 君 (ki1mi1, “lord, master → sovereign”), with the final mi1 dropping due to poetic reasons.
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ).
Noun
天皇 (sume1ro2ki1) (kana すめろき)
- (honorific) a sovereign who governs a region
- (by extension, honorific) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
- (by extension) the imperial lineage or family line
- the Emperor's reign
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Descendants
- Japanese: 天皇 (sumeragi, suberagi)
Etymology 2
From 皇 (sume1ra-, prefix of praise and respect) + 尊 (mi1ko2to2, “Highness”).
The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ).
Alternative forms
- 皇尊
Noun
天皇 (sume1rami1ko2to2) (kana すめらみこと)
- (honorific) a term of address for an Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:天皇.
Derived terms
- 太上天皇 (opoki1-sume1rami1ko2to2)
- 大倭根子天皇 (Opoyamato2neko1 no2 Sume1rami1ko2to2)
- 神日本磐余彦天皇 (Kamuyamato2 Iparepi1ko1 no Sume1rami1ko2to2, “a name of Emperor Jimmu”)
- 始馭天下之天皇 (Patukunisirasu Sume1rami1ko2to2, “another name of Emperor Jimmu”)
- 御肇國天皇 (Patukunisirasu Sume1rami1ko2to2, “a name of Emperor Sujin”)
Descendants
- Japanese: 天皇, 皇尊 (sumeramikoto)
See also
- 大君 (opoki1mi)
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
天 | 皇 |
Noun
天皇
- chữ Hán form of thiên hoàng (“Emperor or Empress (regnant) of Japan”).