大臣

Chinese

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official
simp. and trad. (大臣)		大	臣

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàchén
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ san⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̀n
Min Nan (POJ): tāi-sîn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàchén
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàchén
  - Wade–Giles: ta⁴-chʻên²
  - Yale: dà-chén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahchern
  - Palladius: дачэнь (dačɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daai⁶ san⁴
  - Yale: daaih sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̀n
  - Hakka Romanization System: tai siinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴ sin²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-sîn
  - Tâi-lô: tāi-sîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daixsiin
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ ɕin¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ ɕin²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ ɕin²³/

Middle Chinese: /dɑi^H|dɑ^H d͡ʑiɪn/

Rime
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	唐佐切	植鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daj^H/	/da^H/	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/dɑi^H/	/dɑ^H/	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑi^H/	/dʱɑ^H/	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	duò	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai⁶	do⁶	san⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s [ɡ]i[ŋ]/
(Zhengzhang): /*daːds ɡiŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dà	dà	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ da^H ›	‹ daj^H ›	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁat-s/ (MC F!)	/*lˁa[t]-s/	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English	big	big	slave, subject
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1934	1939	1342
Phonetic component	大	大	臣
Rime group	祭	祭	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	䭾	大	辰
Old Chinese	/*daːds/	/*daːds/	/*ɡiŋ/
Notes			甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴，省戈表不刺者則爲臣，專指役使於家內者

Noun

大臣

minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor

Synonyms

(for non-monarchies) 部長／部长 (bùzhǎng)

Derived terms

內政大臣／内政大臣 (nèizhèng dàchén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (大臣):

→ Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
→ Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
大	臣
だい Grade: 1	じん Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dɑi^H d͡ʑiɪn).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) だいじん [dáꜜìjìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [da̠iʑĩɴ]

Noun

大(だい)臣(じん) • (daijin)

(politics) a government minister of Japan or ancient China
(politics, historical) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”), namely the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin), 左大臣 (sadaijin), 右大臣 (udaijin), and 内大臣 (naidaijin)

Derived terms

大(だい)臣(じん)官(かん)房(ぼう) (daijin kanbō)
大(だい)臣(じん)規(き)範(はん) (daijin kihan)
大(だい)臣(じん)家(け) (daijinke)
大(だい)臣(じん)政(せい)務(む)官(かん) (daijin seimukan)
大(だい)臣(じん)折(せっ)衝(しょう) (daijin sesshō)
大(だい)臣(じん)の大(たい)饗(きょう) (daijin no taikyō)
大(だい)臣(じん)柱(ばしら) (daijinbashira)
大(だい)臣(じん)補(ほ)佐(さ)官(かん) (daijin hosakan)
一(いち)の大(だい)臣(じん) (ichi no daijin)
右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) (udaijin)
大(おお)蔵(くら)大(だい)臣(じん) (ōkura daijin)
海(かい)軍(じゅん)大(だい)臣(じん) (kaijun daijin)
外(がい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (gaimu daijin)
各(かく)省(しょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (kakushō daijin)
吉(き)備(び)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kibi Daijin)
行(ぎょう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (gyōsei daijin)
欽(きん)差(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (kinsa daijin)
宮(く)内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (kunai daijin)
軍(ぐん)機(き)大(だい)臣(じん) (gunki daijin)
経(けい)済(ざい)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Keizai-sangyō-daijin)
厚(こう)生(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (kōsei daijin)
国(こく)土(ど)交(こう)通(つう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kokudo-kōtsū-daijin)
国(こく)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (kokumu daijin)
左(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (sadaijin)
財(ざい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (zaimu daijin)
三(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (sandaijin)
司(し)法(ほう)大(だい)臣(じん) (shihō daijin)
主(しゅ)任(にん)の大(だい)臣(じん) (shunin no daijin)
主(しゅ)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (shumu daijin)
総(そう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōmu daijin)
総(そう)理(り)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōri-daijin)
太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (daijō-daijin), 太(だ)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (dajō-daijin)
通(つう)商(しょう)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (tsūshō-sangyō-daijin)
逓(てい)信(しん)大(だい)臣(じん) (teishin daijin)
特(とく)命(めい)担(たん)当(とう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Tokumei-tantō-daijin)
内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (naidaijin)
内(ない)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (naimu daijin)
南(なん)洋(よう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Nan'yō daijin)
任(にん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nindaijin)
農(のう)林(りん)水(すい)産(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nōrin suisan daijin)
伴(ばん)食(しょく)大(だい)臣(じん) (banshoku daijin)
副(ふく)大(だい)臣(じん) (fukudaijin)
法(ほう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (hōmu daijin)
堀(ほり)川(かわの)大(だい)臣(じん) (Horikawa no Daijin)
無(む)任(にん)所(しょ)大(だい)臣(じん) (muninsho daijin)
文(もん)部(ぶ)大(だい)臣(じん) (monbu-daijin)
文(もん)部(ぶ)科(か)学(がく)大(だい)臣(じん) (Monbu-kagaku-daijin)
郵(ゆう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (yūsei daijin)
百合(ゆり)若(わか)大(だい)臣(じん) (Yuriwaka Daijin)
陸(りく)軍(ぐん)大(だい)臣(じん) (rikugun daijin)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
大	臣
たい Grade: 1	しん Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dɑi^H d͡ʑiɪn).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) たいしん [táꜜìshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
(Tokyo) たいしん [tàíshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ta̠iɕĩɴ]

Noun

大(たい)臣(しん) • (taishin)

(historical) a major retainer
Antonym: 小臣 (shōshin)
(historical) Same as だいじん (daijin) above

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
大	臣
だい Grade: 1	じん Grade: 4
goon

For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see 大尽. (This term, 大臣, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: 大尽.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
大	臣
お Grade: 1	とど Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see 大殿. (This term, 大臣, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: 大殿.)

Derived terms

大臣(おとど)兼(がね) (otodogane)
阿(あ)波(わの)大臣(おとど) (Awa no Otodo)
一(いち)の大臣(おとど) (ichi no otodo)
太政大臣(おおきおとど) (ōki otodo)
祖父(おおじ)大臣(おとど) (ōji otodo)
節(せち)下(げ)の大臣(おとど) (sechige no otodo)
染(そめ)殿(どのの)大臣(おとど) (Somedono no Otodo)
父(ちち)大臣(おとど) (chichiotodo)
左(ひだりの)大臣(おとど) (hidari no otodo)
広(ひろ)幡(はたの)大臣(おとど) (Hirohata no Otodo)
本(ほん)院(いんの)大臣(おとど) (Hon'in no Otodo)
右(みぎの)大臣(おとど) (migi no otodo)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おお Grade: 1	おみ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “vassal”).

Noun

大(おお)臣(おみ) • (ōomi) ^{←おほおみ (ofoomi)^?}

(politics, historical) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

内(うちの)大(おお)臣(おみ) (uchi no ōomi)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おおい Grade: 1	もうちぎみ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Compound of 大 (ōi-, prefix of superiority) +‎ 公卿 (mōchigimi, “senior court official”).

Noun

大(おおい)臣(もうちぎみ) • (ōimōchigimi) ^{←おほいまうちぎみ (ofoimautigimi)^?}

(politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

太政大臣(おおきおおいもうちぎみ) (ōki ōimōchigimi)
左(ひだりの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (hidari no ōimōchigimi)
右(みぎの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (migi no ōimōchigimi)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おお Grade: 1	まえつぎみ Grade: 4
jukujikun

Shift from Old Japanese 大臣 (opomape₁tuki₁mi₁).

Equivalent to 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (maetsugimi, ancient pronunciation of mōchigimi, “senior court official who serves before the Emperor”).

Noun

大(おお)臣(まえつぎみ) • (ōmaetsugimi) ^{←おほまへつぎみ (ofomafetugimi)^?}

(politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

Derived terms

太政(おおまつりごとの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi)
内(うちの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (uchi no ōmaetsugimi)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (mape₁tuki₁mi₁, “senior court official”).

Noun

大臣 (opomape₁tuki₁mi₁) (kana おほまへつきみ)

a court official who serves near the emperor

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

太政大臣 (opoki₁maturigo₂to₂ no₁ opomape₁tuki₁mi₁)

Descendants

Japanese: 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi)

Etymology 2

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (matiki₁mi₁, “senior court official”).

Alternatively, a shift from opomape₁tuki₁mi₁ above.

Noun

大臣 (opomatiki₁mi₁) (kana おほまちきみ)

(politics) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Descendants

Japanese: 大臣 (ōmachigimi), in modern dictionaries

Etymology 3

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi₁, a kabane title).

The final -o of opo- was lost due to haplology.

Noun

大臣 (opomi₁) (kana おほみ)

a pre-Taika Reform 姓 (kabane, “hereditary title”) given to a member of a powerful clan, ranked higher than an 臣 (omi₁)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

大臣

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Etymology 4

Derived terms

Etymology 5

Noun

Quotations

Derived terms

See also

Etymology 6

Noun

Quotations

Derived terms

Etymology 7

Noun

Derived terms

References

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Noun

Quotations

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Quotations

Descendants

Etymology 3

Noun

Quotations

See also