外面

外面

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	face; side; surface face; side; surface; aspect; top
simp. and trad. (外面)		外	面

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wàimiàn, wàimian

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ, ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic): вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ min⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngoi-mien
• Min Nan (POJ): gōa-bīn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: wàimiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiann
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛn⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (外面兒／外面儿)⁺
    • Pinyin: wàimiànr
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄧㄢˋㄦ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: waymiall
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mjɑɻ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: wàimian
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄇㄧㄢ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way.mhian
    • IPA ^(key): /u̯aɪ̯⁵¹ mi̯ɛn¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic: вэмян (vemi͡an, III-I)
    • IPA ^(key): /vɛː⁴⁴ miæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • Yale: ngoih mihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ min⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² miːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi-mien
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngoi mien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi⁴ mian⁴
    • IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵ mi̯en⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-bīn
    • Tâi-lô: guā-bīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxbin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gua⁴¹⁻²² bin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gua²²⁻²¹ bin²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /gua³³⁻¹¹ bin³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /gua³³⁻²¹ bin³³/

Noun

外面

1. exterior
2. outside; out

   外面刮著風。 / 外面刮着风。  ―  Wàimiàn guā zhe fēng.  ―  It's windy outside

   我被鎖在門外面了。 [MSC, trad.]
   我被锁在门外面了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ bèi suǒ zài mén wàimiàn le. [Pinyin]

   I was locked out.

Usage notes

Often implies away from one's home or hometown in a way that English outside does not.

Synonyms

• 外邊／外边 (wàibiān)
• (colloquial) 外頭／外头 (wàitou)
• (Cantonese) 出便, 出面 (chūmiàn)
• (Hakka) 外背
• (Min Nan) 外口, 口面, 口仔

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
外	面
がい Grade: 2	めん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

外面 (hiragana がいめん, rōmaji gaimen)

1. exterior surface; outward appearance

Antonyms

• 内面 (ないめん) (naimen)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
外	面
そと Grade: 2	つら > づら Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Noun

外面 (hiragana そとづら, rōmaji sotozura)

1. exterior surface
2. the face one presents to others, one's outward personality

Antonyms

• 内面 (うちづら) (uchizura)