外界

外界

Chinese

		outside; in addition; foreign outside; in addition; foreign; external	boundary; scope; extent boundary; scope; extent; circles; group; kingdom (taxonomy)
trad. (外界)		外	界
simp. #(外界)		外	界

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wàijiè

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngoi⁶ gaai³
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gōa-kài

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghua⁷ gai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wàijiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàijiè
    • Wade–Giles: wai⁴-chieh⁴
    • Yale: wài-jyè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wayjieh
    • Palladius: вайцзе (vajcze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕjɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngoi⁶ gaai³
    • Yale: ngoih gaai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi⁶ gaai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngoi⁶ gai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːi̯²² kaːi̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa-kài
    • Tâi-lô: guā-kài
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaxkaix
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kai²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁴¹⁻²² kai⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡua²²⁻²¹ kai²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡua³³⁻¹¹ kai¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡua³³⁻²¹ kai²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghua⁷ gai³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: guā kài
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡua¹¹ kai²¹³/

Noun

外界

1. the outside world; the external world

Synonyms

• 外面 (wàimiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (外界):

• → Japanese: 外界(がいかい) (gaikai)
• → Korean: 외계(外界) (oegye)
• → Vietnamese: ngoại giới (外界)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
外	界
がい Grade: 2	かい Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) がいかい [gàíkáí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡa̠ika̠i]

Noun

外(がい)界(かい) • (gaikai) ^{←ぐわいかい (gwaikai)?}

1. outside world, external world

Antonyms

• 内(ない)界(かい) (naikai)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
外	界

Noun

外界 • (oegye) (hangeul 외계)

1. Hanja form^? of 외계 (“outside world, external world”).