外
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
外 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈卜 (NIY), four-corner 23200, composition ⿰夕卜(GHTVHK))
Derived characters
- 𠰻, 𢫑, 𣳢, 𫟌, 迯, 𡎢, 䀤, 夞, 𡎥, 𡎦, 㔰
References
- KangXi: page 246, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5750
- Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 860, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5916
Chinese
trad. | 外 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 外 | |
alternative forms | 𡖄 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 外 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ŋʷaːds) : semantic 卜 + phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod).
Pronunciation
Definitions
外
- out; outside; external
- Antonyms: 裡/里 (lǐ), 內/内 (nèi)
- 窗外 ― chuāng wài ― outside a window
- 外表 ― wàibiǎo ― outward appearance
- beyond; above; in addition to; other than; except
- 此外 ― cǐwài ― in addition (to this)
- 十公里外 ― shí gōnglǐ wài ― 10 km beyond (a place)
- 解名盡處是孫山,賢郎更在孫山外。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Song dynasty, poet Fan Gongcheng (范公偁), 《過庭錄》
- Jièmíng jìnchù shì Sūnshān, xiánláng gèngzài Sūnshān wài. [Pinyin]
- I found my name the last of the enrolled;
The good master went a step beyond me.
解名尽处是孙山,贤郎更在孙山外。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- other; foreign; alien (not of one's own family, clan, locality, school, country, etc.)
- 外國/外国 ― wàiguó ― foreign country
- 外校 ― wài xiào ― other schools
- foreign country
- 中外 ― zhōngwài ― China and foreign countries; in and outside of China
- 對外貿易/对外贸易 ― duì wài màoyì ― foreign trade
- 漢外詞典/汉外词典 ― hàn-wài cídiǎn ― Chinese dictionary in a foreign language
- 外平不書,此何以書? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Wài píng bù shū, cǐ héyǐ shū? [Pinyin]
- Peace between foreign states were not recorded in the Annals. Why was this one exceptionally recorded?
外平不书,此何以书? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to alienate; to other; to exclude; to distance
- 見外/见外 ― jiànwài ― to make me feel like an outsider (literally, "to have me excluded [from the familiar circle]")
- 內其國而外諸夏,內諸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Nèi qí guó ér wài Zhūxià, nèi Zhūxià ér wài Yídí. [Pinyin]
- to deem one's own state "the in" and treat the other Xias as "the other", while allying oneself with the Xias and distancing oneself from the Barbarians.
内其国而外诸夏,内诸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- relatives of one's mother, sister or daughter
- 外婆 ― wàipó ― maternal grandmother
- 外孫/外孙 ― wàisūn ― daughter's son
- 外祖父 ― wàizǔfù ― maternal grandfather
- additional
- 外加 ― wàijiā ― plus
- 外帶/外带 ― wàidài ― to include (something) as well
- unofficial
- 外史 ― wàishǐ ― unofficial history
- 外號/外号 ― wàihào ― nickname
- (Hokkien, Teochew, after an amount but before the classifier) as much as
- 二十外歲/二十外岁 [Hokkien] ― jī-cha̍p gōa hòe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― 20-something years old
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 外面, 外邊 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 |
Taiwan | 外面, 外頭 | |
Tianjin | 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Chengde | 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Tangshan | 外面 | |
Cangzhou | 外面兒, 外頭, 外邊兒 | |
Baoding | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Shijiazhuang | 外頭 | |
Chifeng | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Heihe | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Qiqihar | 外面, 外邊, 外頭, 外廂 | |
Harbin | 外面, 外面兒, 外邊兒拉, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Jiamusi | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Baicheng | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Changchun | 外面, 外頭 | |
Tonghua | 外面, 外頭, 外邊 | |
Shenyang | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Dandong | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Jinzhou | 外面兒, 外面, 外邊兒, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Dalian | 外邊兒 | |
Yantai | 外頭 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 外邊兒 | |
Qingdao | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭兒 | |
Lijin | 外面兒, 外頭 | |
Zhucheng | 外頭, 外邊兒 | |
Jinan | 外頭, 外面, 外面兒, 外邊兒 | |
Jining | 外頭, 外邊兒 | |
Luoyang | 外頭, 外邊兒, 外面兒, 外先 | |
Wanrong | 外前 | |
Shangqiu | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Yuanyang | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭兒 | |
Zhengzhou | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Lingbao | 外邊, 外頭 | |
Xinyang | 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Baihe | 外頭 | |
Hanzhong | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Xi'an | 外面, 外邊兒, 外頭, 外首 | |
Baoji | 外面, 外頭 | |
Yinchuan | 外面, 外頭, 外邊 | |
Tianshui | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Lanzhou | 外面, 外邊, 外頭, 外前 | |
Dunhuang | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Xining | 外頭, 外面, 外前 | |
Hami | 外頭 | |
Ürümqi | 外頭, 外面 | |
Wuhan | 外面, 外頭, 外邊 | |
Yichang | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Xiangyang | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Tianmen | 外面, 外頭, 外興 | |
Hong'an | 外面, 外沿, 外頭 | |
Chengdu | 外頭, 外前, 外先 | |
Nanchong | 外面, 外頭 | |
Dazhou | 外頭 | |
Hanyuan | 外前 | |
Xichang | 外頭 | |
Zigong | 外頭 | |
Chongqing | 外面, 外頭 | |
Guiyang | 外頭, 外面, 外邊 | |
Zunyi | 外面, 外頭 | |
Bijie | 外頭 | |
Liping | 外頭 | |
Zhaotong | 外頭 | |
Dali | 外首 | |
Kunming | 外面, 外邊, 外首 | |
Mengzi | 外首 | |
Guilin | 外頭, 外面 | |
Liuzhou | 外頭, 外面, 外邊 | |
Jishou | 外頭 | |
Changde | 外頭 | |
Anqing | 外面, 外頭 | |
Xuzhou | 外邊兒, 外邊, 外頭, 外面 | |
Fuyang | 外面, 外頭 | |
Wuhu | 外面, 外頭 | |
Yangzhou | 外面, 外頭 | |
Lianyungang | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Lianshui | 外頭 | |
Nanjing | 外頭, 外邊 | |
Hefei | 外頭, 外面 | |
Nantong | 外面, 外頭, 外邊 | |
Malaysia | 外面 | |
Singapore | 外面 | |
Mae Salong (Lancang) | 外面 | |
Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 外頭 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 外便, 出便, 開便, 外低, 外底, 外出, 外間, 開低, 開底, 開底便 |
Hong Kong | 出便, 出面, 外便, 外面, 開便 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 出便, 出茅 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 出便 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 外邊 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 出便 | |
Macau | 出便 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 出便, 外便 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 外便 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 外底, 外便 | |
Foshan | 出便, 外便 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 外出 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 出便 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 出便, 外便 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 外便 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 外便 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 出便 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 出便 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 出便, 出底 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 出便 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 出便 | |
Taishan | 出便, 外底, 外便, 外面, 外頭 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 外底 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 二底 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 外底 | |
Dongguan | 麻口, 出底, 外便, 出便, 出頭 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 出便 | |
Qingyuan | 外邊 | |
Fogang | 外邊 | |
Yingde (Hanguang) | 出便 | |
Yangshan | 外便, 出便 | |
Lianshan (Butian) | 外邊 | |
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 外面 | |
Shaoguan | 出便, 外便 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 出便 | |
Renhua | 出邊 | |
Lechang | 出便, 外便 | |
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 出頭, 出底 | |
Sihui | 外便 | |
Guangning | 荷頭 | |
Deqing | 外出, 外便 | |
Huaiji | 和底 | |
Yunfu | 出便, 出低, 外便 | |
Xinxing | 會出 | |
Luoding | 外便, 出便 | |
Yunan (Pingtai) | 出下底 | |
Yangjiang | 外低 | |
Xinyi | 出那底 | |
Maoming (Xinpo) | 外底 | |
Lianjiang | 出邊, 外邊, 外面 | |
Nanning | 外底, 外面 | |
Wuzhou | 外低 | |
Yulin | 外底 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 外頭 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 外便 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 出便 | |
Bangkok (Guangfu) | 外便 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 外頭 |
Lichuan | 外家, 外頭 | |
Pingxiang | 口前, 外前 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 外背 |
Dabu (Xihe) | 外背 | |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 外口, 外出, 外便, 出便, 面出 | |
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 外出 | |
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 外出 | |
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 外出 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 外邊 | |
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 外面 | |
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 外面 | |
Boluo (Bendihua) | 外邊 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 外面 | |
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 出背, 外背, 外面 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 出背 | |
Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 外背 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 外背 | |
Wuhua (Changbu) | 外背 | |
Wuhua (Mianyang) | 外背 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 門口, 外面 | |
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 外面 | |
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 堤出 | |
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 外面 | |
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 外邊, 外面 | |
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 外面 | |
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 外背 | |
Wengyuan | 外背 | |
Nanxiong (Zhuji) | 外頭 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 外背 | |
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 外邊 | |
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 外邊 | |
Liannan | 外背 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 外背 | |
Jiexi | 門背 | |
Luhe | 外背 | |
Raoping (Xinfeng) | 外背 | |
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 外頭 | |
Changting | 外頭, 外背 | |
Yongding | 外邊 | |
Yongding (Xiayang) | 外背, 外頭背 | |
Yongding (Gaobei) | 外頭 | |
Yongding (Hukeng) | 外背 | |
Wuping | 壁背 | |
Wuping (Zhongshan) | 壁背 | |
Wuping (Yanqian) | 出背 | |
Wuping (Wudong) | 壁背 | |
Liancheng (Peitian) | 外頭 | |
Liancheng (Juxi) | 外裡 | |
Liancheng (Zhongbao) | 外頭 | |
Ninghua | 外邊 | |
Yudu | 外底 | |
Ningdu | 外高 | |
Ruijin | 內頭 | |
Tonggu (Sandu) | 外背 | |
Ganzhou (Panlong) | 外頭 | |
Dayu | 外裡 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 外背 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 外背 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 外背 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 外背 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 外背 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 外頭 | |
Hong Kong | 門背, 出邊 | |
Yangxi (Tangkou) | 外低 | |
Yangchun (Sanjia) | 外低 | |
Xinyi (Sihe) | 外邊 | |
Xinyi (Qianpai) | 下底 | |
Gaozhou (Xindong) | 外頭 | |
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 老背 | |
Huazhou (Xin'an) | 那低 | |
Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 外面 | |
Lianjiang (Qingping) | 外頭 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 外頭 | |
Luchuan | 外頭 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 外頭 | |
Sabah (Longchuan) | 門背 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 外背 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 門背, 外背 | |
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 外背 | |
Singkawang | 外背 | |
Singapore (Meixian) | 外背 | |
Singapore (Dabu) | 外背 | |
Bangkok (Meixian) | 外背 | |
Bangkok (Fengshun) | 外咧 | |
Bangkok (Jiexi) | 外背 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 外頭 |
Shexian | 外面, 外面頭 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 外頭, 外面 |
Yangyuan | 外面兒, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Datong | 外頭, 外前 | |
Xinzhou | 外頭 | |
Lishi | 外面兒, 外頭, 外首兒 | |
Linfen | 外些 | |
Changzhi | 外面兒, 外邊兒 | |
Linhe | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Jining | 外頭 | |
Hohhot | 外面, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Erenhot | 外面, 外頭 | |
Pingshan | 外面, 外邊兒, 外頭 | |
Zhangjiakou | 外面兒, 外頭 | |
Handan | 外面, 外邊, 外頭 | |
Linzhou | 外頭 | |
Suide | 外面兒, 外頭, 外前 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 外前, 外邊 |
Songxi | 外界 | |
Jianyang | 外邊 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 外首, 外首勢, 外兜 |
Changle | 外首 | |
Fuqing | 外兜 | |
Yongtai | 外首 | |
Gutian | 外首, 外兜 | |
Fu'an | 外爿 | |
Ningde | 外爿 | |
Shouning | 外面 | |
Zhouning | 外爿 | |
Fuding | 外底, 外爿 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 外面, 外爿, 外口, 口面 |
Xiamen (Tong'an) | 外面, 外口 | |
Quanzhou | 外面, 外口, 口面 | |
Jinjiang | 外口, 口面 | |
Shishi | 外口 | |
Yongchun | 外面 | |
Zhangzhou | 外面, 外口, 口面, 口仔 | |
Pinghe | 外口, 外面 | |
Zhangpu | 外口 | |
Zhao'an | 外爿, 外口, 厝外, 口爿 | |
Dongshan | 口爿 | |
Taipei | 外口 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 外面 | |
Kaohsiung | 口面, 外口 | |
Yilan | 口面, 外口 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 外口 | |
Taichung | 外口, 外面, 口面 | |
Tainan | 口面, 外口 | |
Hsinchu | 外口, 外面 | |
Kinmen | 外口 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 外面 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 外面, 外口 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 外口, 口面 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 外口, 外面, 口爿 | |
Longyan | 外面, 外頭, 外裹 | |
Zhangping | 外面 | |
Zhangping (Yongfu) | 外面, 外爿 | |
Datian | 從皮 | |
Chaozhou | 外爿, 口爿 | |
Raoping | 口爿 | |
Shantou | 外面, 外爿, 外口, 口爿 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 外爿 | |
Shantou (Chaoyang) | 外爿, 口爿, 外口 | |
Jieyang | 外爿, 口爿 | |
Haifeng | 外口, 內口 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 外爿 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 外口 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 口爿, 外口 | |
Leizhou | 外路 | |
Wenchang | 外 | |
Haikou | 外面, 外 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 外 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 外向 |
Min Zhong | Yong'an | 前邊 |
Sanyuan | 前邊 | |
Shaxian | 屋前 | |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 外頭 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 外頭 |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 外頭 |
Shehua | Hua'an | 出去 |
Chaozhou | 外面 | |
Fengshun | 門背 | |
Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 門前 |
Wu | Shanghai | 外面, 外頭, 外底頭, 外首 dated |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 外面, 外頭 | |
Suzhou | 外頭, 外面, 外勢 | |
Danyang | 外頭 | |
Hangzhou | 外頭 | |
Ningbo | 外頭, 外向 rare | |
Wenzhou | 外面, 外轉 | |
Jinhua | 外面, 外面手, 外頭 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 外頭 |
Loudi | 外前, 外頭 | |
Shuangfeng | 外前, 外頭 | |
Quanzhou | 外頭 |
Compounds
|
|
|
Descendants
- → Japanese: 外 (ge); 外 (gai)
- → Korean: 외(外) (oe)
- → Vietnamese: ngoại (外)
Others:
- → Vietnamese: ngoài (“outside”)
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- outside
- foreign
- other
- except
Readings
- Go-on: げ (ge, Jōyō)←げ (ge, historical)←ぐゑ (gwe, ancient)
- Kan-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)←ぐわい (gwai, historical)
- Tō-on: うい (ui)
- Kun: そと (soto, 外, Jōyō); ほか (hoka, 外, Jōyō); はずす (hazusu, 外す, Jōyō); はずれる (hazureru, 外れる, Jōyō); と (to)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
そと Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Appears from roughly the Muromachi period,[1] superseding earlier to reading (see below). Likely a compound of either 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”), or 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”).[2]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) そと [sóꜜtò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][3]
- IPA(key): [so̞to̞]
Noun
外 • (soto)
- (the) outside
- 箱の外
- hako no soto
- outside of the box
- 外は雨
- soto wa ame
- it is raining outside
- (literally, “outside is rain”)
- 箱の外
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
ほか Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
- 他
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ほか [hòká] (Heiban – [0])[1][3]
- IPA(key): [ho̞ka̠]
Noun
外 • (hoka)
- other (things); the rest
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
よそ Grade: 2 |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 外 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 外, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
と Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [to̞]
Noun
外 • (to)
- (the) outside
- toilet
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
がい Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
Middle Chinese 外
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA(key): [ɡa̠i]
Suffix
外 • (-gai) ←ぐわい (gwai)?
- outside; external
- except for
Derived terms
- 外骨格 (gaikokkaku): an exoskeleton
- 外形 (gaikei): external shape/form
- 外祖母 (gaisobo): (rare) maternal grandmother, mother's mother
- 外交 (gaikō)
- 外人 (gaijin)
- 外傷 (gaishō)
- 外出 (gaishutsu)
- 外務省 (gaimushō)
- 外国 (gaikoku)
- 外国人 (gaikokujin)
- 外国語 (gaikokugo)
- 外来 (gairai)
- 外来語 (gairaigo)
- 外泊 (gaihaku)
- 外相 (gaishō)
- 外耳 (gaiji)
- 外苑 (gaien)
- 外資 (gaishi)
- 外貨 (gaika)
- 外装 (gaisō)
- 外部 (gaibu)
- 海外 (kaigai)
- 室外 (shitsugai): outside a room, outdoor
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
げ Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ŋuɑiH).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) げ [géꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɡe̞]
Noun
外 • (ge)
- (Buddhism) non-Buddhist teachings or texts
- (in compounds) external
Derived terms
- 外科 (geka): surgery (as a field of medicine)
- 外道 (gedō): any non-Buddhist religion
- 外法 (gehō): any non-Buddhist religion; any non-Buddhist teaching
Usage notes
The printed form of this character often differs from its handwritten form; in the latter, the last stroke often does not pass through, as in the printed Chinese form.
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ŋuɑiH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅬᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwóy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 밧 (Yale: pàs) | 외〯 (Yale: wǒy) |
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [we̞(ː)] ~ [ø̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)/외(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource外 (eumhun 바깥 외 (bakkat oe))
- Hanja form? of 외 (“outside; surface”). [affix]
Compounds
- 외국 (外國, oeguk)
- 외교 (外交, oegyo)
- 외력 (外力, oeryeok)
- 외면 (外面, oemyeon)
- 야외 (野外, yaoe)
- 실외 (室外, siroe)
- 해외 (海外, hae'oe)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
外: Hán Nôm readings: ngoại, ngoái, ngoải, ngoài, nguậy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Nôm: ngoái, ngoài, ngoại, ngòi, ngồi
Compounds
- ngoại quốc (外國)
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville