壯

See also: 壮

壯	U+58EF, 壯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58EF

← 壮
[U+58EE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

声 →
[U+58F0]

Translingual

Japanese	壮
Simplified	壮
Traditional	壯

Han character

壯 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女一土 (VMG), four-corner 2421₀, composition ⿰爿士)

Derived characters

匨, 裝, 奘, 弉, 莊, 𤞛

References

KangXi: page 243, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5643

Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 428, character 7

Unihan data for U+58EF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
臧	*ʔsaːŋ
牂	*ʔsaːŋ
戕	kaːl, ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓	*ʔsaːŋ
藏	zaːŋ, zaːŋs
奘	zaːŋʔ, zaːŋs
臟	*zaːŋs
將	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋs
漿	*ʔsaŋ
鱂	*ʔsaŋ
蔣	ʔsaŋ, ʔsaŋʔ
螿	*ʔsaŋ
槳	*ʔsaŋʔ
獎	*ʔsaŋʔ
醬	*ʔsaŋs
鏘	*sʰaŋ
蹡	sʰaŋ, ʔshaŋs
嶈	*sʰaŋ
斨	*sʰaŋ
爿	braːn, zaŋ
牆	*zaŋ
妝	*ʔsraŋ
莊	*ʔsraŋ
裝	ʔsraŋ, ʔsraŋs
壯	*ʔsraŋs
疒	rnɯːɡ, zraŋ
床	*zraŋ
牀	*zraŋ
狀	*zraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 士.

Etymology 1

trad.		壯
simp.		壮^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuàng, zhuǎng (zhuang⁴, zhuang³)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ, ㄓㄨㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chong
Min Dong (BUC): chuáng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chàng / chòng
(Teochew, Peng'im): zang³
Wu (Wiktionary): tsaan (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
  - Yale: jwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
  - Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎng
  - Wade–Giles: chuang³
  - Yale: jwǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joang
  - Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ²¹⁴/

Note:

zhuǎng - dialectal variant for “robust; strong”, substituting for 奘. Popular in northern Mandarin, including the Beijing area.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong³
  - Yale: jong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chong
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chuáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàng
  - Tâi-lô: tsàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zaxng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡saŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡saŋ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chòng
  - Tâi-lô: tsòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zoxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²¹/

Note:

chàng - vernacular;
chòng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsaan (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	壯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	側亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]<r>aŋ-s/
English	robust
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10307
Phonetic component	爿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	壯
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraŋs/

Definitions

壯

strong; robust
to strengthen
(traditional Chinese medicine) one burn of moxa in moxibustion

Synonyms

(to strengthen):

edit

加固 (jiāgù)
充實／充实 (chōngshí)
加強／加强 (jiāqiáng)

堅定／坚定 (jiāndìng)
增強／增强 (zēngqiáng)
壯大／壮大 (zhuàngdà)

強化／强化 (qiánghuà)
鞏固／巩固 (gǒnggù)

Compounds

Derived terms from 壯

丁壯／丁壮 (dīngzhuàng)
人強馬壯／人强马壮
健壯／健壮 (jiànzhuàng)
八百壯士／八百壮士
兵強馬壯／兵强马壮 (bīngqiángmǎzhuàng)
兵精馬壯／兵精马壮
凌雲壯志／凌云壮志
壯丁／壮丁 (zhuàngdīng)
壯偉／壮伟 (zhuàngwěi)
壯健／壮健 (zhuàngjiàn)
壯劇／壮剧
壯圍／壮围 (Zhuàngwéi)
壯圖／壮图
壯士／壮士 (zhuàngshì)
壯士斷腕／壮士断腕 (zhuàngshìduànwàn)
壯士解腕／壮士解腕
壯大／壮大 (zhuàngdà)
壯夫／壮夫
壯室之秋／壮室之秋
壯實／壮实 (zhuàngshi)
壯工／壮工
壯年／壮年 (zhuàngnián)
壯心／壮心 (zhuàngxīn)
壯心不已／壮心不已
壯志／壮志 (zhuàngzhì)
壯志凌雲／壮志凌云 (zhuàngzhìlíngyún)
壯志未酬／壮志未酬 (zhuàngzhìwèichóu)
壯族／壮族 (Zhuàngzú)
壯月／壮月
壯氣／壮气
壯氣吞牛／壮气吞牛
壯浪／壮浪

壯烈／壮烈 (zhuàngliè)
壯烈成仁／壮烈成仁
壯猷／壮猷
壯盛／壮盛 (zhuàngshèng)
壯碩／壮硕
壯竄／壮窜
壯美／壮美 (zhuàngměi)
壯膽／壮胆 (zhuàngdǎn)
壯舉／壮举 (zhuàngjǔ)
壯行／壮行
壯觀／壮观 (zhuàngguān)
壯語／壮语 (zhuàngyǔ)
壯遊／壮游
壯門面／壮门面
壯闊／壮阔 (zhuàngkuò)
壯陽／壮阳 (zhuàngyáng)
壯麗／壮丽 (zhuànglì)
壯麵／壮面
壯齒／壮齿
宏偉壯觀／宏伟壮观
宏壯／宏壮 (hóngzhuàng)
少壯／少壮 (shàozhuàng)
師直為壯／师直为壮
年輕力壯／年轻力壮
幼學壯行／幼学壮行
強壯／强壮 (qiángzhuàng)
強壯劑／强壮剂
心麤膽壯／心粗胆壮
悲壯／悲壮 (bēizhuàng)
打旺壯／打旺壮
日益壯大／日益壮大
根壯葉茂／根壮叶茂

民壯／民壮
氣壯山河／气壮山河
氣壯河山／气壮河山
氣壯理直／气壮理直
波瀾壯闊／波澜壮阔 (bōlánzhuàngkuò)
波路壯闊／波路壮阔
理直氣壯／理直气壮 (lǐzhíqìzhuàng)
盛壯／盛壮 (shèngzhuàng)
稍長膽壯／稍长胆壮
粗壯／粗壮 (cūzhuàng)
精壯／精壮 (jīngzhuàng)
結壯／结壮
老當益壯／老当益壮 (lǎodāngyìzhuàng)
肥壯／肥壮 (féizhuàng)
膽壯／胆壮
英勇雄壯／英勇雄壮
茁壯／茁壮 (zhuózhuàng)
血氣方壯／血气方壮
豪壯／豪壮 (háozhuàng)
豪情壯志／豪情壮志
豪言壯語／豪言壮语 (háoyánzhuàngyǔ)
身強力壯／身强力壮 (shēnqiánglìzhuàng)
遒文壯節／遒文壮节
閎壯／闳壮
雄偉壯麗／雄伟壮丽
雄壯／雄壮 (xióngzhuàng)
雄心壯志／雄心壮志 (xióngxīnzhuàngzhì)
青壯／青壮
頂門壯戶／顶门壮户
飽壯／饱壮
馬壯人強／马壮人强
高壯／高壮

Etymology 2

trad.		壯
simp.		壮^*
alternative forms		獞 obsolete 僮 obsolete

First written as 獞 (composed of 犭, the “beast” radical, and 童, “servant”). Following the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, it was written as 僮 (with 亻, the “person” radical). Due to the derogatory connotations of the previous characters, it was officially amended to 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “strong; robust”) in 1965.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhuàng (Zhuang⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³, zong⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): zaan (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Zhuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jhuàng
  - Wade–Giles: Chuang⁴
  - Yale: Jwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Juanq
  - Palladius: Чжуан (Čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong³, zong⁶
  - Yale: jong, johng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³, dzong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong³, zong⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/, /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zaan (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /z̥ɑ̃²³/

Definitions

壯

(～族) Zhuang, an ethnic group living primarily in Guangxi, China
廣西壯族自治區／广西壮族自治区 ― Guǎngxī zhuàngzú zìzhìqū ― Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

Compounds

Derived terms from 壯

古壯字／古壮字 (gǔ Zhuàngzì)
壯文／壮文 (zhuàngwén)

壯族／壮族 (Zhuàngzú)

壯語／壮语 (zhuàngyǔ)

Etymology 3

trad.		壯
simp.		壮^*

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuāng (zhuang¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhuāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuang
  - Wade–Giles: chuang¹
  - Yale: jwāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juang
  - Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong¹
  - Yale: jōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

壯

^† Alternative form of 莊／庄 (zhuāng, “serious; solemn”).
a surname

Japanese

Shinjitai	壮
Kyūjitai	壯

Kanji

壯

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壮)

Big, robust This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): そう (sō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: さかん (sakan, 壯ん)

Korean

Hanja

壯 (eum 장 (jang))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

壯: Hán Nôm readings: tráng, trắng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.