壁

壁

See also: 璧

壁 U+58C1, 壁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C1 ← 壀 [U+58C0] CJK Unified Ideographs 壂 → [U+58C2]

Translingual

Han character

壁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 尸十土 (SJG), four-corner 7010₄, composition ⿱辟土)

References

• KangXi: page 240, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5516
• Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 494, character 8
• Unihan data for U+58C1

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		壁
2nd round simp.		坒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
嬖	*peːɡs
薜	*beːɡs, *preːɡ
鐾	*beːɡs
臂	*peɡs
譬	*pʰeɡs
避	*beɡs
檗	*preːɡ
擘	*preːɡ
糪	*preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ
掰	*preːɡ
繴	*breːɡ, *peːɡ
辟	*peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ
璧	*peɡ
鐴	*peɡ
躄	*peɡ
襞	*peɡ
僻	*pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
癖	*pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
廦	*pʰeɡ, *peːɡ
擗	*beɡ
躃	*beɡ
闢	*beɡ
壁	*peːɡ
鼊	*peːɡ
霹	*pʰeːɡ
劈	*pʰeːɡ
澼	*pʰeːɡ
憵	*pʰeːɡ
甓	*beːɡ
鷿	*beːɡ
幦	*mbeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peːɡ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) – an earthen wall.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bik¹, bek³, bik³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): piak

  (Meixian, Guangdong): biag⁵ / bid⁵

• Min Bei (KCR): biă / bĭ
• Min Dong (BUC): biáh / biéh / bék
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): piah / piak / pek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): biah⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): piq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bì
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bì
    • Wade–Giles: pi⁴
    • Yale: bì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
    • Palladius: би (bi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: bik¹, bek³, bik³
    • Yale: bīk, bek, bik
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷, bek⁸, bik⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: big¹, bég³, big³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/, /pɛːk̚³/, /pɪk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piak
    • Hakka Romanization System: biag`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: biag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pi̯ak̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: biag⁵ / bid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /piak̚¹/, /pit̚¹/

Note:

• Meixian:
  • biag5 - vernacular;
  • bid5 - literary.

• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: biă / bĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pia²⁴/, /pi²⁴/

Note:

• biă - vernacular;
• bĭ - literary.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: biáh / biéh / bék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piɑʔ²⁴/, /piɛʔ²⁴/, /pɛiʔ²⁴/

Note:

• biáh/biéh - vernacular;
• bék - literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piah
    • Tâi-lô: piah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piaq
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piaʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piaʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
    • Tâi-lô: piak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
    • Tâi-lô: pik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/

Note:

• piah - vernacular;
• piak/pek - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: biah⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piah
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /piaʔ²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: piq (T4)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 壁
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pi⁵³/
	Jinan	/pi²¹/
	Qingdao	/pi⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/pi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pi²¹/
	Xining	/pji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pi³¹/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹/
	Kunming	/pi³¹/
	Nanjing	/piʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/piəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/piʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/piəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/piɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/piʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/pi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/piɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/piɑʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/piak̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/piɑk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/pik̚³²/ /piaʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/piɛʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/piaʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔbek̚⁵/ /ʔbia⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /pek̚/

Rime
Character	壁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	北激切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/pek̚/
Wang Li	/piek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/piek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.pˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*peːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pek ›
Old Chinese	/*C.pˁek/
English	house wall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壁
Reading #	1/1
No.	688
Phonetic component	辟
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	壁
Old Chinese	/*peːɡ/

Definitions

壁

1. wall; partition (Classifier: 堵 mn)

   牆壁／墙壁  ―  qiángbì  ―  wall

2. rampart; defensive wall

   壁壘／壁垒  ―  bìlěi  ―  rampart; barrier

3. cliff; precipice

   峭壁  ―  qiàobì  ―  cliff; steep

4. something resembling a wall; lumen; surface
5. (astronomy) (～宿) Wall (Chinese constellation)

Synonyms

• (wall):

Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		牆, 壁, 垣墉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牆, 牆壁, 牆垣
Mandarin	Beijing	牆
	Taiwan	牆
	Jinan	牆
	Luoyang	牆
	Xi'an	牆
	Wuhan	牆
	Chengdu	牆, 壁頭
	Guilin	牆
	Yangzhou	牆
	Hefei	牆
	Singapore	牆壁
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牆
	Hong Kong	牆
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	籬壆, 牆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	牆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	牆
	Taishan	牆
	Dongguan	籬
	Yangjiang	牆
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	牆
	Hepu (Shatian)	牆
	Beihai	牆
	Beihai (Nankang)	牆
	Beihai (Yingpan)	牆
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	牆壁
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	牆
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	牆
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牆
	Singapore (Guangfu)	牆
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	牆
	Móng Cái	牆
Gan	Nanchang	牆, 壁
	Pingxiang	牆
Hakka	Meixian	牆, 壁
	Yudu	牆
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	壁
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	壁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	壁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	壁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	壁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	壁
	Hong Kong	牆, 壁頭
	Senai (Huiyang)	牆
Huizhou	Jixi	牆壁
Jin	Taiyuan	牆
Min Bei	Jian'ou	牆
Min Dong	Fuzhou	牆, 牆壁, 壁
Min Nan	Xiamen	牆, 壁, 壁堵
	Quanzhou	壁堵
	Zhao'an	壁
	Tainan	牆, 壁, 壁堵
	Penang (Hokkien)	牆, 壁
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牆, 壁
	Manila (Hokkien)	壁
	Medan (Hokkien)	壁
	Chaozhou	牆
	Bangkok (Teochew)	牆
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	牆
	Singapore (Teochew)	壁, 牆
Puxian Min	Putian	牆, 壁
	Putian (Donghai)	牆, 壁
	Putian (Jiangkou)	牆
	Putian (Nanri)	牆, 壁, 牆壁
	Xianyou	牆
	Xianyou (Fengting)	牆
	Xianyou (Youyang)	牆
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	牆
Wu	Shanghai	牆頭, 牆壁
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牆
	Suzhou	牆頭, 牆壁
	Danyang	牆頭
	Hangzhou	牆頭
	Ningbo	牆壁
	Wenzhou	屏牆, 牆
Xiang	Changsha	牆壁, 牆, 壁
	Xiangxiang	牆
	Loudi	壁頭
	Shuangfeng	牆頭, 壁頭

Compounds

Derived terms from 壁

一壁 削壁 (xuēbì) 半壁 (bànbì) 半壁江山 (bànbìjiāngshān) 半壁河山 (bànbìhéshān) 四壁 (sìbì) 土壁 壁上泥皮 壁堵 (piah-tó͘) (Min Nan) 壁塑 壁宿 (Bìxiù) 壁毯 (bìtǎn) 壁牙 壁球 (bìqiú) 壁立 (bìlì) 壁立千仞 (bìlìqiānrèn) 壁花 壁落 壁葬 (bìzàng) 壁虎 (bìhǔ) 壁衣 大戈壁 孔壁古文 家徒四壁 (jiātúsìbì) 家徒壁立 岩壁 (yánbì) 峭壁 (qiàobì) 影壁 戈壁 (Gēbì) 映壁 板壁 (bǎnbì) 照壁 疥壁 石壁 (shíbì) 破壁燎火 碰壁 (pèngbì) 穿壁引光 笆壁 粉壁 (fěnbì) 赤壁 (Chìbì) 赤壁鏖兵 重壁 鏖兵赤壁 陡壁 隔壁 (gébì) 隔壁醋 面壁 (miànbì) 面壁下帷 面壁功深 一壁廂／一壁厢

九龍壁／九龙壁 作壁上觀／作壁上观 (zuòbìshàngguān) 傍人籬壁／傍人篱壁 厚壁組織／厚壁组织 向壁虛構／向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu) 向壁虛造／向壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào) 呵壁問天／呵壁问天 四壁蕭條／四壁萧条 四處碰壁／四处碰壁 堅壁／坚壁 (jiānbì) 堅壁清野／坚壁清野 (jiānbìqīngyě) 塢壁／坞壁 壁上觀／壁上观 (bìshàngguān) 壁中書／壁中书 壁報／壁报 (bìbào) 壁報紙／壁报纸 壁壘／壁垒 (bìlěi) 壁壘分明／壁垒分明 壁壘森嚴／壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán) 壁廂／壁厢 (bìxiāng) 壁櫥／壁橱 (bìchú) 壁燈／壁灯 (bìdēng) 壁爐／壁炉 (bìlú) 壁畫／壁画 (bìhuà) 壁紙／壁纸 (bìzhǐ) 壁經／壁经 壁聽／壁听 壁蝨／壁虱 (bìshī) 壁誌／壁志 壁鉤／壁钩 壁門／壁门 壁飾／壁饰 (bìshì) 壁龕／壁龛 (bìkān) 夾壁／夹壁 後壁／后壁 (hòubì) 後赤壁賦／后赤壁赋 懸岩峭壁／悬岩峭壁 懸崖峭壁／悬崖峭壁 (xuányáqiàobì) 懸崖絕壁／悬崖绝壁 (xuányájuébì) 扶牆摸壁／扶墙摸壁 折壁腳／折壁脚 拆壁腳／拆壁脚 敦煌壁畫／敦煌壁画 斷垣殘壁／断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì) 斷壁殘垣／断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán) 斷壁頹垣／断壁颓垣 旗亭畫壁／旗亭画壁 東壁／东壁 殘垣敗壁／残垣败壁 油壁車／油壁车 (yóubìchē)

深溝堅壁／深沟坚壁 溼壁畫／湿壁画 牆壁／墙壁 (qiángbì) 牆風壁耳／墙风壁耳 畫水掀壁／画水掀壁 破壁飛去／破壁飞去 籬壁間物／篱壁间物 細胞壁／细胞壁 (xìbāobì) 絕壁／绝壁 (juébì) 絕壁天懸／绝壁天悬 聽壁腳／听壁脚 聽籬察壁／听篱察壁 茅簷土壁／茅檐土壁 蓀壁／荪壁 薄壁組織／薄壁组织 處處碰壁／处处碰壁 補壁／补壁 補壁之作／补壁之作 複壁／复壁 護壁／护壁 赤壁之戰／赤壁之战 赤壁懷古／赤壁怀古 赤壁賦／赤壁赋 軟壁／软壁 這壁廂／这壁厢 連續壁／连续壁 那壁廂／那壁厢 鄉壁虛造／乡壁虚造 銅牆鐵壁／铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì) 鐵壁／铁壁 鐵壁銅牆／铁壁铜墙 鑿壁偷光／凿壁偷光 鑿壁懸梁／凿壁悬梁 間壁／间壁 關稅壁壘／关税壁垒 隔壁帳／隔壁帐 隔壁戲／隔壁戏 隔壁聽／隔壁听 面壁坐禪／面壁坐禅 面壁思過／面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò) 頹牆壞壁／颓墙坏壁 (tuí qiáng huài bì) 題壁／题壁 飛牆走壁／飞墙走壁 飛簷走壁／飞檐走壁 飛車走壁／飞车走壁 高壁深塹／高壁深堑 高壁深壘／高壁深垒 高壘深壁／高垒深壁 (gāolěishēnbì) 鶴壁／鹤壁 (Hèbì) 龐貝壁畫／庞贝壁画

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Japanese

Kanji

壁

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
• Kan-on: へき (heki, Jōyō)
• Kun: かべ (kabe, 壁, Jōyō); とりで (toride)
• Nanori: かべ (kabe)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
壁
かべ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 処 (ka, “place”) +‎ 重 (he, “division”), in reference to walls dividing objects apart.[1] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) かべ [kàbé] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠be̞]

Noun

壁(かべ) • (kabe) 

1. wall; barrier
   • 2011 May 14, “アクア・マドール [Aqua Madoll]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:

     水(みず)をあやつる魔(ま)法(ほう)使(つか)い。分(ぶ)厚(あつ)い水(みず)の壁(かべ)をつくり敵(てき)を押(お)しつぶす。

     Mizu o ayatsuru mahōtsukai. Buatsui mizu no kabe o tsukuri teki o oshitsubusu.

     A water-manipulating magician who crushes his enemies with his massive water walls.

Coordinate terms

• 床(ゆか) (yuka): floor
• 天(てん)井(じょう) (tenjō): ceiling

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

壁 (eumhun 벽 벽 (byeok byeok))

1. Hanja form^? of 벽 (“wall”).

Compounds

• 장벽 (腸壁/障壁, jangbyeok, “barrier”)
• 절벽 (絶壁, jeolbyeok, “a precipice (a very steep cliff)”)
• 방화벽 (防火壁, banghwabyeok, “firewall”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

壁: Hán Nôm readings: bích, bệch, bịch, vách

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.