堪
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Translingual
Han character
堪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土廿一女 (GTMV), four-corner 44111, composition ⿰土甚)
References
- KangXi: page 233, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5266
- Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 460, character 1
- Unihan data for U+582A
Chinese
trad. | 堪 | |
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simp. # | 堪 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 堪 | ||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
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湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
糂 | *sluːmʔ |
堪 | *kʰluːm |
戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
勘 | *kʰluːms |
磡 | *kʰuːms |
墈 | *kʰuːms |
偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
碪 | *ʔl'um |
椹 | *ʔl'um |
揕 | *ʔl'ums |
踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
斟 | *kljum |
諶 | *ɡljum |
愖 | *ɡljum |
瘎 | *ɡljum |
煁 | *ɡljum |
甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Pronunciation
Definitions
堪
- may; to be capable of
- 花開堪折直須折,莫待無花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Tang dynasty, author unknown, traditionally ascribed to Du Qiuniang (杜秋娘), 金縷衣/金缕衣
- Huā kāi kān zhé zhíxū zhé, mò dài wú huā kōng zhé zhī. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
花开堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to bear; to stand; to resist
- 不堪一擊/不堪一击 ― bùkānyījī ― cannot withstand a single blow
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
堪
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: こん (kon)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: たん (tan)
- Kun: たえる (taeru, 堪える, Jōyō); こらえる (koraeru, 堪える); こたえる (kotaeru, 堪える)
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
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堪 |
かん Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC kʰʌm).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA(key): [kã̠ɴ]
Affix
堪 • (kan)
- to bear; to endure
- capable
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 堪 (MC kʰʌm).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠m]
- Phonetic hangul: [감]
Hanja
Wikisource堪 (eumhun 견딜 감 (gyeondil gam))
- Hanja form? of 감 (“to endure; to bear”).
- Hanja form? of 감 (“capable”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 불감 (不堪, bulgam)
- 감당 (堪當, gamdang, “coping with; managing”)
- 감내 (堪耐, gamnae, “perseverance”)
- 감인 (堪忍, gamin, “patience, forbearance”)
- 난감 (難堪, nan'gam, “being intolerable; being unbearable; embarrassment”)
- 감능 (堪能, gamneung, “patience, perseverance”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
堪: Hán Nôm readings: kham, khom, khăm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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