堨

堨

堨 U+5828, 堨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5828 ← 堧 [U+5827] CJK Unified Ideographs 堩 → [U+5829]

Translingual

Han character

堨 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日心女 (GAPV), four-corner 4612₇, composition ⿰土曷)

1. daub

References

• KangXi: page 233, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5264
• Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 463, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5828

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Chinese

trad.		堨
simp. #		堨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 堨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): è, ài, yè (e⁴, ai⁴, ye⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ, ㄞˋ, ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaat³, aat³, ngoi³, ngoi², oi², oi³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: è
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: è
    • Wade–Giles: o⁴
    • Yale: è
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
    • Yale: yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngaat³, aat³, ngoi³, ngoi², oi², oi³
    • Yale: ngaat, aat, ngoi, ngói, ói, oi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat⁸, aat⁸, ngoi³, ngoi², oi², oi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngad³, ad³, ngoi³, ngoi², oi², oi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːt̚³/, /aːt̚³/, /ŋɔːi̯³³/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɑt̚/

Rime
Character	堨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	寒 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏葛切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔat̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɑt̚/
Wang Li	/ɑt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ot3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堨
Reading #	1/1
No.	5039
Phonetic component	曷
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	遏
Old Chinese	/*qaːd/

Definitions

堨

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References

• “堨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

堨

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): げつ (getsu), げち (gechi), あつ (atsu), あち (achi), あい (ai)
• Kun: るせき (ruseki), ほこり (hokori)