基督教

基督教

See also: 基督敎

Chinese

		Christ	teach; teaching; religion
trad. (基督教/基督敎)		基督	教/敎
simp. (基督教)		基督	教

Etymology

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 基督教 (Kirisuto-kyō)[1]

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jīdūjiào

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gei¹ duk¹ gaau³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei¹ uuk² gau¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Kî-tuk-kau

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gi¹ dug⁵ gau⁴

• Min Dong (BUC): Gĭ-dók-gáu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): Ki-tok-kàu / Ki-tu-kiàu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ dog⁴ ga³

• Wu (Wiktionary): ji toq jiau (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jīdūjiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jidujiào
    • Wade–Giles: Chi¹-tu¹-chiao⁴
    • Yale: Jī-dū-jyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jidujiaw
    • Palladius: Цзидуцзяо (Cziduczjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tu⁵⁵ t͡ɕjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gei¹ duk¹ gaau³
    • Yale: gēi dūk gaau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ duk⁷ gaau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ dug¹ gao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ tʊk̚⁵ kaːu̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei¹ uuk² gau¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³³ ɵk̚⁵⁵ kau³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Kî-tuk-kau
    • Hakka Romanization System: gi´ dug` gau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ dug⁵ gau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ tuk̚² kau̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gi¹ dug⁵ gau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ci⁴⁴⁻³⁵ tʊk̚¹ kau⁵³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Gĭ-dók-gáu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻²¹ ^(t-)luʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kɑu²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ki-tok-kàu
    • Tâi-lô: Ki-tok-kàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'dokkaux
    • IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kau¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kau²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ tɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ tɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kau²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Singapore): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² tɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ki-tu-kiàu
    • Tâi-lô: Ki-tu-kiàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ki'du'kiaux
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ tu³³⁴ kiau²¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gi¹ dog⁴ ga³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki tok kà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ tok̚²⁻⁴ ka²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ji toq jiau (T1)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ tʊʔ³³ t͡ɕiɔ²¹/

Proper noun

基督教

1. Christianity
2. (in particular) Protestantism

   • 中國宗教徒信奉的主要有佛教、道教、伊斯蘭教、天主教和基督教。 [MSC, trad.]
     中国宗教徒信奉的主要有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1997, 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室, 《中国的宗教信仰自由状况》白皮书

     Zhōngguó zōngjiàotú xìnfèng de zhǔyào yǒu fójiào, dàojiào, yīsīlánjiào, tiānzhǔjiào hé jīdūjiào. [Pinyin]

     Religious adherents in China mainly believe in Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Protestantism.

   • 在1950、1960年代，基督教及天主教團體積極參與興建平房新村 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     在1950、1960年代，基督教及天主教团体积极参与兴建平房新村 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2010, 呂大樂, 《凝聚力量——香港非政府機構發展軌跡》, page 53

     zoi⁶ 1950, 1960 nin⁴ doi⁶, gei¹ duk¹ gaau³ kap⁶ tin¹ zyu² gaau³ tyun⁴ tai² zik¹ gik⁶ caam¹ jyu⁵ hing¹ gin³ ping⁴ fong⁴ san¹ cyun¹ [Jyutping]

     In the 1950s and 1960s, Protestant and Catholic organizations actively participated in constructing cottage villages

   • 第十五篇林精華的〈俄羅斯東正教在華傳播三百年何以失敗：來自文學的視角〉，試圖解釋為什麼俄羅斯東正教比起天主教和基督教來華合法傳教，時間更為久遠，卻一直沒有顯著的成長？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
     第十五篇林精华的〈俄罗斯东正教在华传播三百年何以失败：来自文学的视角〉，试图解释为什么俄罗斯东正教比起天主教和基督教来华合法传教，时间更为久远，却一直没有显著的成长？ [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]

     From: 2016, 郭承天, 引言：認識耶穌，贏得基督, in 郭承天 and 周復初 (editors), 《認識耶穌，贏得基督：中國基督教之本土與全球發展》 (Know Jesus, Gain Christ: 2015 Symposium on Local and Global Development of Chinese Christianity), page 10

     Dì shíwǔ piān Lín Jīnghuá de ‘Éluósī dōngzhèngjiào zài Huá chuánbō sānbǎi nián héyǐ shībài: láizì wénxué de shìjiǎo’, shìtú jiěshì wèishénme Éluósī dōngzhèngjiào bǐqǐ tiānzhǔjiào hé jīdūjiào lái Huá héfǎ chuánjiào, shíjiān gèngwéi jiǔyuǎn, què yīzhí méiyǒu xiǎnzhù de chéngzhǎng? [Pinyin]

     Chapter 15, “How the 300-year propagation of Russian Orthodoxy in China failed: From the perspective of literature” by Lin Jinghua, attempts to explain why even though the time Russian Orthodoxy came to China to preach legally compared to Catholicism and Protestantism is longer, it has never been notably growing.

Synonyms

• (Christianity): 基督宗教, (historical) 也里可溫教／也里可温教 (Yělǐkěwēn-jiào)

Dialectal synonyms of 基督教 (“Christianity”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		基督教
Mandarin	Taiwan	基督教
	Singapore	基督教
Cantonese	Hong Kong	基督教
	Taishan	基督教
	Singapore (Guangfu)	基督教
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	基督教
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	基督教
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	基督教
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	基督教
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	基督教
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	基督教
Min Dong	Fuzhou	基督教
Min Nan	Xiamen	基督教
	Quanzhou	基督教
	Zhangzhou	基督教
	Taipei	基督教 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	奉教, 基督教
	Singapore (Hokkien)	奉教, 基督教
	Manila (Hokkien)	基督教
Wu	Shanghai	基督教
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

• (Protestantism):
  edit

基督新教 (Jīdūxīnjiào) 改新教 新教 (xīnjiào) 更正教 誓反教 (shìfǎnjiào)

反對教／反对教 反羅宗／反罗宗 抗羅宗／抗罗宗 抗議宗／抗议宗

Derived terms

基督教徒 (Jīdūjiàotú)

See also

• 天主教 (Tiānzhǔjiào) (Catholicism)
• 東正教／东正教 (dōngzhèngjiào) (Eastern Orthodoxy)

References

1. 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 148

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	督	教
キリスト		きょう Grade: 2
Grade: 5 (ateji)	Grade: S (ateji)
irregular		goon

Etymology

基督 (abbreviation of 基利斯督 (kirisuto), which is ateji (当て字) of キリスト (kirisuto)) + 教 (kyō, “religion”)

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) キリストきょー [kìrísútókyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲiɾʲisɨ̥ᵝto̞kʲo̞ː]

Proper noun

基督(キリスト)教(きょう) • (Kirisuto-kyō) ^{←キリストけう (kirisutokeu)?} (kyūjitai 基督敎)

1. Obsolete spelling of キリスト教 (“Christianity”)

Descendants

• → Chinese: 基督教
• → Korean: 기독교 (基督敎, Gidokgyo)
• → Vietnamese: Cơ Đốc giáo (基督敎)
• → Vietnamese: (calque) đạo Cơ Đốc (道基督)

References

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Korean

Hanja in this term
基	督	教

Noun

基督教 • (gidokgyo) (hangeul 기독교)

1. Alternative form of 基督敎 (“Christianity”)

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
基	督	教

Proper noun

基督教

1. chữ Hán form of Cơ đốc giáo (“Christianity”).