坱圠

坱圠

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (坱圠/坱軋)		坱	圠/軋
simp. (坱圠)		坱	圠
alternative forms		軮軋／𬨄轧

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎngyà

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄧㄚˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngyà
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄧㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngyà
    • Wade–Giles: yang³-ya⁴
    • Yale: yǎng-yà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangyah
    • Palladius: янъя (janʺja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ jä⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɑŋ^X  ʔˠat̚/

Rime
Character	坱	圠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	唐 (101)	山 (71)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	烏朗切	烏黠切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑŋX/	/ʔˠat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑŋX/	/ʔᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑŋX/	/ʔɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaŋX/	/ʔaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɑŋX/	/ʔat̚/
Wang Li	/ɑŋX/	/at̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑŋX/	/ʔăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ǎng	ya
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ong2	aat3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːŋʔ  qriːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坱	圠
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14477	14915
Phonetic component	央	乙
Rime group	陽	質
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	坱	軋
Old Chinese	/*qaːŋʔ/	/*qriːd/

Adjective

坱圠

1. (ideophonic, poetic) boundless; vast; immeasurable

   雲烝雨降，糾錯相紛。大鈞播物，坱圠無垠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   云烝雨降，纠错相纷。大钧播物，坱圠无垠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: Jia Yi (賈誼), c. 174 BCE, The Owl (《鵩鳥賦》). Translated by Burton Watson.

   Yúnzhēng yǔjiàng, jiūcuò xiāngfēn. Dàjūn bōwù, yǎngyà wúyín. [Pinyin]

   The clouds rise up; the rains come down,
   In confusion inextricably joined.
   The Great Potter fashions all creatures,
   Infinite, boundless, limit unknown.