坪

坪	U+576A, 坪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-576A

← 坩
[U+5769]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坫 →
[U+576B]

Translingual

Han character

坪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火十 (GMFJ), four-corner 4114₉, composition ⿰土平)

Derived characters

𦱾

References

KangXi: page 226, character 22

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4976

Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 34

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 9

Unihan data for U+576A

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (平) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
平	ben, beŋ
怦	*pʰreːŋ
砰	*pʰreːŋ
抨	*pʰreːŋ
閛	*pʰreːŋ
伻	*pʰreːŋ
評	beŋ, beŋs
坪	*beŋ
苹	*beŋ
枰	beŋ, beŋs
泙	*beŋ
蚲	*beŋ
胓	*beŋ
匉	*pʰreːŋ
萍	*beːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): píng (ping²)
(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ping⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phiàng / phìn
(Meixian, Guangdong): piang²
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): phêng / phiâⁿ / pîⁿ / pêⁿ / phîⁿ / phêⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): pêng⁵ / pian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: píng
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: píng
  - Wade–Giles: pʻing²
  - Yale: píng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
  - Palladius: пин (pin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ping⁴
  - Yale: pìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ping⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ping⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɪŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng / phìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: piangˇ / pinˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: piang² / pin²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: piang²
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰiaŋ¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêng
  - Tâi-lô: phîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheeng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiɪŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiâⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phiânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phviaa
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰiã²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /pʰiã²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰiã¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: pînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvii
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /pĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: pênn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pvee
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phîⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: phênn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phvee
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰẽ²³/

Note:

phêng - literary;
phiâⁿ/pîⁿ/pêⁿ/phîⁿ/phêⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêng⁵ / pian⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng / phiâⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰĩã⁵⁵/

Note:

pêng5 - literary;
pian5 - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: /bˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	符兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/biaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/biajŋ/
Li Rong	/biɐŋ/
Wang Li	/bĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	píng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ping⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*beŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坪
Reading #	1/1
No.	9820
Phonetic component	平
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	平
Old Chinese	/*beŋ/

Definitions

坪

plain (especially used in a place name); flatland; level ground; terrace
(Taiwan) a traditional unit of areal measure equal to a square six 尺 (chǐ) on each side, approximately 3.306 square meters or 35.57 square feet

Compounds

Derived terms from 坪

下坪 (Xiàpíng)
下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
仁和坪 (Rénhépíng)
南坪 (Nánpíng)
卸甲坪 (Xièjiǎpíng)
厚坪 (Hòupíng)
古村坪 (Gǔcūnpíng)
地坪 (dìpíng)
坪林 (Pínglín)
大支坪 (Dàzhīpíng)
姚坪 (Yáopíng)
安坪 (Ānpíng)
官坪 (Guānpíng)
富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
寺坪 (Sìpíng)
小坪 (Xiǎopíng)
康坪 (Kāngpíng)
建坪 (Jiànpíng)
方高坪 (Fānggāopíng)
松木坪 (Sōngmùpíng)
柘木坪 (Zhèmùpíng)
柯坪 (Kēpíng)
桃坪 (Táopíng)
棉花坪 (Miánhuāpíng)
榔坪 (Lángpíng)

樟村坪 (Zhāngcūnpíng)
水井坪 (Shuǐjǐngpíng)
水坪 (Shuǐpíng)
沙坪 (Shāpíng)
洋坪 (Yángpíng)
清坪 (Qīngpíng)
清太坪 (Qīngtàipíng)
溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
秦家坪 (Qínjiāpíng)
竹坪 (Zhúpíng)
花坪 (Huāpíng)
茅坪 (Máopíng)
草坪 (cǎopíng)
蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
薛坪 (Xuēpíng)
鄂坪 (Èpíng)
金坪 (Jīnpíng)
金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
阿坶坪
高坪 (Gāopíng)
七里坪 (Qīlǐpíng)
六里坪 (Liùlǐpíng)
三鬥坪／三斗坪
停機坪／停机坪 (tíngjīpíng)
兩坪／两坪 (Liǎngpíng)

喬家坪／乔家坪 (Qiáojiāpíng)
坪場／坪场
坪壩／坪坝 (píngbà)
坪數／坪数
坪頂／坪顶 (Píngdǐng)
木魚坪／木鱼坪 (Mùyúpíng)
楂樹坪／楂树坪 (Zhāshùpíng)
樟樹坪／樟树坪 (Zhāngshùpíng)
活龍坪／活龙坪 (Huólóngpíng)
火燒坪／火烧坪 (Huǒshāopíng)
白楊坪／白杨坪 (Báiyángpíng)
篤坪／笃坪 (Dǔpíng)
紅坪／红坪 (Hóngpíng)
紅花坪／红花坪 (Hónghuāpíng)
茅坪場／茅坪场 (Máopíngchǎng)
賀家坪／贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
長坪／长坪 (Chángpíng)
雙坪／双坪 (Shuāngpíng)
鞦韆坪／秋千坪 (Qiūqiānpíng)
馬坪／马坪 (Mǎpíng)
馮坪／冯坪 (Féngpíng)
騾坪／骡坪 (Luópíng)
龍坪／龙坪 (Lóngpíng)
龍潭坪／龙潭坪 (Lóngtánpíng)
龍舟坪／龙舟坪 (Lóngzhōupíng)

References

“Entry #3717”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Shinjitai	坪
Kyūjitai [1]	坪󠄁 坪+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	坪󠄃 坪+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

坪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: びょう (byō)^{←びやう (byau, historical)}
Kan-on: へい (hei)
Kun: つぼ (tsubo, 坪, Jōyō)

Usage notes

The on'yomi are not used in modern Japanese.

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坪
つぼ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with 壺 (tsubo, “basin”). The current meaning related to area arose from the way a surrounded area with the base or floor lower than the circumference looks like a basin.[2]

Although the reading is different, this areal measurement meaning for 坪 is shared in common with the terms 평 (坪, pyeong) in Korean and 坪 (pe⁵) in Taiwanese.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) つぼ [tsùbó] (Heiban – [0])[3]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝbo̞]

Noun

坪(つぼ) • (tsubo)

A unit of areal measure, traditionally a square six 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese unit of length, roughly equivalent to the English foot) per side, equivalent to the area covered by two standard-sized tatami mats. In modern usage, standardized at 3.306 square metres.

References

“坪”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 坪 (MC bˠiæŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 펴ᇰ (phyeng) (Yale: phyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource坪 (eumhun 들 평 (deul pyeong))

Hanja form^? of 평 (“Pyeong, a traditional unit of measurement”).
Hanja form^? of 평 (“plain; flatland; level ground; terrace”).

Compounds

평당 (坪當, pyeongdang)
평수 (坪數, pyeongsu)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

坪: Hán Nôm readings: bình

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[1] “坪”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

[KDJ-2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-3] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN